Added a map to show where other stn are // refactored message adding to tables for performance, max 30.000 msg now

SimpleLogFile.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+S53MM
+PA9R

src/main/java/kst4contest/ApplicationConstants.java

@@ -38,7 +38,24 @@ public class ApplicationConstants {
 
     public static final String AUTOANSWER_PREFIX = "[KST4C Automsg] ";   // hard-coded marker (user can't remove it)
 
+    /**
+     * UI message retention limits.
+     *
+     * The global chat message list is the backing list for several FilteredLists
+     * and TableViews. It must not grow without limit during long contest runs.
+     *
+     * The list is kept in newest-first order:
+     * index 0 = newest message
+     * last index = oldest message
+     */
+    public static final int CHAT_MESSAGE_STORE_MAX_SIZE = 30000;
+    public static final int CHAT_MESSAGE_STORE_TRIM_TO_SIZE = 25000;
 
+    /**
+     * DXCluster table retention limits.
+     */
+    public static final int CLUSTER_MESSAGE_STORE_MAX_SIZE = 10000;
+    public static final int CLUSTER_MESSAGE_STORE_TRIM_TO_SIZE = 8000;
 
     /**
      * generates a unique runtime id per session. Its used to feed the poison pill in order to kill only this one and

src/main/java/kst4contest/controller/ChatController.java

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import kst4contest.locatorUtils.DirectionUtils;
 import kst4contest.logic.PriorityCalculator;
 import kst4contest.model.*;
 import kst4contest.test.MockKstServer;
-import kst4contest.utils.BoundedDequeObservableList;
 import kst4contest.utils.PlayAudioUtils;
 import kst4contest.view.Kst4ContestApplication;
 
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
+
+
 /**
  * 
  * Central Chat kst4contest.controller. Instantiate only one time per category of kst Chat.
@@ -1094,8 +1095,7 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 	// ******All abstract types below here are used by the messageprocessor!
 	// ***************
 
-	private static final int MAX_CHAT_MESSAGES = 10000;
-	private final BoundedDequeObservableList<ChatMessage> lst_globalChatMessageList = new BoundedDequeObservableList<>(MAX_CHAT_MESSAGES); //All chatmessages will be put in there, later create filtered message lists
+	private ObservableList<ChatMessage> lst_globalChatMessageList = FXCollections.observableArrayList(); //All chatmessages will be put in there, later create filtered message lists
 //	private ObservableList<ChatMessage> lst_toAllMessageList = FXCollections.observableArrayList(); // directed to all
 																									// (beacon)
 	private FilteredList<ChatMessage> lst_toAllMessageList = new FilteredList<>(lst_globalChatMessageList); // directed to all
@@ -1129,6 +1129,27 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 	private ObservableList<Predicate<ChatMember>> lst_chatMemberListFilterPredicates = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
 	private ObservableList<ClusterMessage> lst_clusterMemberList = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
 
+
+	/*
+	 * Message table update buffers.
+	 *
+	 * Do not write directly to lst_globalChatMessageList from worker threads.
+	 * Use publishChatMessage(...) instead.
+	 *
+	 * The actual ObservableList mutation is batched and executed on the JavaFX
+	 * application thread. The visible list order remains newest-first.
+	 */
+	private final Object pendingChatMessagesLock = new Object();
+	private final List<ChatMessage> pendingChatMessages = new ArrayList<>();
+	private boolean chatMessageFlushScheduled = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Same idea for DXCluster messages.
+	 */
+	private final Object pendingClusterMessagesLock = new Object();
+	private final List<ClusterMessage> pendingClusterMessages = new ArrayList<>();
+	private boolean clusterMessageFlushScheduled = false;
+
 	private ObservableList<ChatMember> lst_DBBasedWkdCallSignList = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
 
 //	private HashMap<String, ChatMember> map_ucxLogInfoWorkedCalls = new HashMap<String, ChatMember>(); //Destination of ucx-log worked-messages
@@ -1240,14 +1261,152 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 		this.lst_selectedCallSignInfofilteredMessageList = lst_selectedCallSignInfofilteredMessageList;
 	}
 
-	public void addChatMessage(ChatMessage message) {
-		lst_globalChatMessageList.addFirst(message);
-	}
-
 	public ObservableList<ChatMessage> getLst_globalChatMessageList() {
 		return lst_globalChatMessageList;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Adds a chat message to the UI message store.
+	 *
+	 * Important:
+	 * - This method may be called from worker threads.
+	 * - The ObservableList is modified only on the JavaFX application thread.
+	 * - The backing list remains newest-first.
+	 * - Old messages are trimmed to avoid unlimited memory growth.
+	 */
+	public void publishChatMessage(ChatMessage message) {
+		if (message == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		synchronized (pendingChatMessagesLock) {
+			pendingChatMessages.add(message);
+
+			if (chatMessageFlushScheduled) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			chatMessageFlushScheduled = true;
+		}
+
+		Platform.runLater(this::flushPendingChatMessagesToUi);
+	}
+
+	private void flushPendingChatMessagesToUi() {
+		List<ChatMessage> batch;
+
+		synchronized (pendingChatMessagesLock) {
+			batch = new ArrayList<>(pendingChatMessages);
+			pendingChatMessages.clear();
+			chatMessageFlushScheduled = false;
+		}
+
+		if (batch.isEmpty()) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * pendingChatMessages is collected in arrival order:
+		 * old -> new
+		 *
+		 * lst_globalChatMessageList must stay newest-first:
+		 * new -> old
+		 */
+		Collections.reverse(batch);
+
+		lst_globalChatMessageList.addAll(0, batch);
+
+		trimGlobalChatMessageListIfNeeded();
+	}
+
+	private void trimGlobalChatMessageListIfNeeded() {
+		int maxSize = ApplicationConstants.CHAT_MESSAGE_STORE_MAX_SIZE;
+		int trimToSize = ApplicationConstants.CHAT_MESSAGE_STORE_TRIM_TO_SIZE;
+
+		if (maxSize <= 0 || trimToSize <= 0 || trimToSize >= maxSize) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		int currentSize = lst_globalChatMessageList.size();
+
+		if (currentSize <= maxSize) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * List order is newest-first.
+		 * Therefore old messages are at the end of the list.
+		 */
+		lst_globalChatMessageList.remove(trimToSize, currentSize);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a DXCluster message to the UI cluster message store.
+	 *
+	 * Same policy as for chat messages:
+	 * - batched UI update
+	 * - JavaFX thread only for ObservableList mutation
+	 * - newest-first visible order
+	 * - bounded list size
+	 */
+	public void publishClusterMessage(ClusterMessage message) {
+		if (message == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		synchronized (pendingClusterMessagesLock) {
+			pendingClusterMessages.add(message);
+
+			if (clusterMessageFlushScheduled) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			clusterMessageFlushScheduled = true;
+		}
+
+		Platform.runLater(this::flushPendingClusterMessagesToUi);
+	}
+
+	private void flushPendingClusterMessagesToUi() {
+		List<ClusterMessage> batch;
+
+		synchronized (pendingClusterMessagesLock) {
+			batch = new ArrayList<>(pendingClusterMessages);
+			pendingClusterMessages.clear();
+			clusterMessageFlushScheduled = false;
+		}
+
+		if (batch.isEmpty()) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		Collections.reverse(batch);
+
+		lst_clusterMemberList.addAll(0, batch);
+
+		trimClusterMessageListIfNeeded();
+	}
+
+	private void trimClusterMessageListIfNeeded() {
+		int maxSize = ApplicationConstants.CLUSTER_MESSAGE_STORE_MAX_SIZE;
+		int trimToSize = ApplicationConstants.CLUSTER_MESSAGE_STORE_TRIM_TO_SIZE;
+
+		if (maxSize <= 0 || trimToSize <= 0 || trimToSize >= maxSize) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		int currentSize = lst_clusterMemberList.size();
+
+		if (currentSize <= maxSize) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		lst_clusterMemberList.remove(trimToSize, currentSize);
+	}
+
+	public void setLst_globalChatMessageList(ObservableList<ChatMessage> lst_globalChatMessageList) {
+		this.lst_globalChatMessageList = lst_globalChatMessageList;
+	}
 
 	public String getHostname() {
 		return hostname;
@@ -1482,6 +1641,7 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 
     }
 
+
     private void initLst_toMeMessageList() {
 //        ObservableList<String> sniffedList = chatPreferences.getLstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList();
 
@@ -1498,12 +1658,16 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 
             // --- NEUE LOGIK: Sniffer Liste prüfen ---
             // Wenn Absender ODER Empfänger in der Beobachtungsliste stehen -> Anzeigen
-            if ((lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(senderCall) ||
-                    lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(receiverCall)) &&
-                    (!receiverCall.equals(this.getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSignRaw()))) {
+//            if ((lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(senderCall) ||
+//                    lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(receiverCall)) &&
+//                    (!receiverCall.equals(this.getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSignRaw()))) {
+//
+//                msgText = ("Sniffed: " + "(" + senderCall + " > ") + receiverCall +") " + msgText;
+//                chatMessage.setMessageText(msgText);
+//                return true;
+//            }
 
-                msgText = ("Sniffed: " + "(" + senderCall + " > ") + receiverCall +") " + msgText;
-                chatMessage.setMessageText(msgText);
+			if (isSniffedMessage(chatMessage)) {
 				return true;
 			}
 
@@ -2388,4 +2552,69 @@ public class ChatController implements ThreadStatusCallback, PstRotatorEventList
 
 		return DirectionUtils.isAngleInRange(targetAz, myAz, beamWidth);
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * decides if a message in the in-queue is directed to me or if its directed to another station and sniffed
+	 * @param chatMessage
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	public boolean isSniffedMessage(ChatMessage chatMessage) {
+		if (chatMessage == null || chatMessage.getSender() == null || chatMessage.getReceiver() == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		String senderCall = chatMessage.getSender().getCallSign();
+		String receiverCall = chatMessage.getReceiver().getCallSign();
+
+		if (senderCall == null || receiverCall == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList == null || lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.isEmpty()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		boolean observedCall =
+				lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(senderCall)
+						|| lstNotify_QSOSniffer_sniffedCallSignList.contains(receiverCall);
+
+		if (!observedCall) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		String myCall = getChatPreferences() != null ? getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSign() : null;
+		String myRawCall = getChatPreferences() != null ? getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSignRaw() : null;
+
+		/*
+		 * Sniffed messages should appear in the private table only if they are not
+		 * already direct messages to my own callsign.
+		 */
+		return !receiverCall.equals(myCall) && !receiverCall.equals(myRawCall);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * changes the chatmessage if it had been a sniffed one and not directed to me. Only for marking.
+	 * @param chatMessage
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	public String formatChatMessageTextForDisplay(ChatMessage chatMessage) {
+		if (chatMessage == null) {
+			return "";
+		}
+
+		String msgText = chatMessage.getMessageText();
+
+		if (msgText == null) {
+			msgText = "";
+		}
+
+		if (!isSniffedMessage(chatMessage)) {
+			return msgText;
+		}
+
+		String senderCall = chatMessage.getSender() != null ? chatMessage.getSender().getCallSign() : "";
+		String receiverCall = chatMessage.getReceiver() != null ? chatMessage.getReceiver().getCallSign() : "";
+
+		return "Sniffed: (" + senderCall + " > " + receiverCall + ") " + msgText;
+	}
 }

src/main/java/kst4contest/controller/MessageBusManagementThread.java

@@ -772,7 +772,9 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 					dummy.setCallSign("ALL");
 					newMessageArrived.setReceiver(dummy);
 
-					this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List
+					this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
+
+//					this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List
 
 				} else {
 					//message is directed to another chatmember, process as such!
@@ -817,7 +819,9 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 						if (newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign()
 								.equals(this.client.getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSign())) {
 
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived);
+
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 
 							if (this.client.getChatPreferences().isNotify_playSimpleSounds()) {
 								this.client.getPlayAudioUtils().playNoiseLauncher('P');
@@ -960,14 +964,9 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 							String originalMessage = newMessageArrived.getMessageText();
 							newMessageArrived
 									.setMessageText("(>" + newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign() + ")" + originalMessage);
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0,newMessageArrived);
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 
-							// If our message contained a frequency (e.g. "QRG is: 144.375"), record that
-							// WE sent our QRG to this OM – used by SKED frequency resolution.
-							if (originalMessage != null && newMessageArrived.getReceiver() != null
-									&& originalMessage.matches(".*\\b\\d{3,5}[.,]\\d{1,3}.*")) {
-								this.client.recordOutboundQRG(newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign());
-							}
 
 							// if you sent the message to another station, it will be sorted in to
 							// the "to me message list" with modified messagetext, added rxers callsign
@@ -1031,7 +1030,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 								newMessageArrived.getSender().setInAngleAndRange(false);
 							}
 
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived);
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 //						System.out.println("MSGBS bgfx: tx call = " + newMessageArrived.getSender().getCallSign() + " / rx call = " + newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign());
 						}
 					} catch (NullPointerException referenceDeletedByUserLeftChatDuringMessageprocessing) {
@@ -1134,7 +1134,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 				dxcMsg.setMessageInhibited(splittedMessageLine[7]);
 				dxcMsg.setQrgSpotted(splittedMessageLine[5]);
 
-				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg);
+//				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg);
+				this.client.publishClusterMessage(dxcMsg);
 
 //				System.out.println("[MSGBUSMGT:] DXCluster Message detected ");
 
@@ -1173,7 +1174,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 				dxcMsg2.setMessageInhibited(splittedMessageLine[6]);
 				dxcMsg2.setQrgSpotted(splittedMessageLine[4]);
 
-				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg2);
+//				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg2);
+				this.client.publishClusterMessage(dxcMsg2);
 
 			} else
 
@@ -1203,8 +1205,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 				dxcMsg3.setMessageInhibited("");
 				dxcMsg3.setQrgSpotted("");
 
-				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg3);
-
+//				this.client.getLst_clusterMemberList().add(0, dxcMsg3);
+				this.client.publishClusterMessage(dxcMsg3);
 			} else
 
 			/**
@@ -1371,7 +1373,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 					dummy.setCallSign("ALL");
 					newMessageArrived.setReceiver(dummy);
 
-					this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List
+//					this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List
+					this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 
 				} else {
 					//message is directed to another chatmember, process as such!
@@ -1415,7 +1418,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 						if (newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign()
 								.equals(this.client.getChatPreferences().getStn_loginCallSign())) {
 
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived);
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 
 							System.out.println("Historic message directed to me: " + newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign() + ".");
 
@@ -1428,8 +1432,9 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 							String originalMessage = newMessageArrived.getMessageText();
 							newMessageArrived
 									.setMessageText("(>" + newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign() + ")" + originalMessage);
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0,newMessageArrived);
 
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 							// if you sent the message to another station, it will be sorted in to
 							// the "to me message list" with modified messagetext, added rxers callsign
 
@@ -1448,7 +1453,8 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 								newMessageArrived.getSender().setInAngleAndRange(false);
 							}
 
-							this.client.addChatMessage(newMessageArrived);
+//							this.client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(0, newMessageArrived);
+							this.client.publishChatMessage(newMessageArrived); // sdtout to all message-List (new from v1.7)
 //						System.out.println("MSGBS bgfx: tx call = " + newMessageArrived.getSender().getCallSign() + " / rx call = " + newMessageArrived.getReceiver().getCallSign());
 						}
 					} catch (NullPointerException referenceDeletedByUserLeftChatDuringMessageprocessing) {
@@ -1521,7 +1527,7 @@ public class MessageBusManagementThread extends Thread {
 
 				
 				for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-					client.addChatMessage(pwErrorMsg);
+					client.getLst_globalChatMessageList().add(pwErrorMsg);
 //					client.getLst_toMeMessageList().add(pwErrorMsg);
 //					client.getLst_toAllMessageList().add(pwErrorMsg);
 				}

src/main/java/kst4contest/model/ChatPreferences.java

@@ -173,6 +173,23 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 	double stn_maxQRBDefault = 900;
 	double stn_qtfDefault = 135;
 
+	double stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters = 10.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters = 10.0;
+	String stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory = "";
+	String stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId = "copernicus_glo_30";
+	double stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts = 750.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi = 8.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts = 100.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi = 8.0;
+
+	double stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb = 2.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz = 2.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb = 20.0;
+
+	double stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm = -126.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm = -132.0;
+	double stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb = 6.0;
+
 	ChatCategory loginChatCategoryMain = new ChatCategory(2);
 	ChatCategory loginChatCategorySecond = new ChatCategory(3);
 	boolean loginToSecondChatEnabled;
@@ -309,6 +326,9 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 	boolean guiOptions_defaultFilterPmToOther;
 	boolean guiOptions_defaultFilterPublicMsgs;
 
+	private double[] GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW = new double[] { 1000, 800 };
+	private double[] GUIstationMapStagePositionXY = new double[] { Double.NaN, Double.NaN };
+
 
 	/*********************************************************************************
 	 *
@@ -371,6 +391,42 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 		this.MYQRGFirstCat.set(MYQRGFirstCat);
 	}
 
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters(double stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters = Math.max(0.0, stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters);
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters(double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters = Math.max(0.0, stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters);
+	}
+
+	public String getStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory(String stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory = stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory == null
+				? ""
+				: stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.trim();
+	}
+
+	public String getStn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId(String stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId = (stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId == null || stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId.isBlank())
+				? "copernicus_glo_30"
+				: stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId.trim().toLowerCase();
+	}
+
 	public String getStn_loginNameSecondCat() {
 		return stn_loginNameSecondCat;
 	}
@@ -547,6 +603,22 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 		this.loginToSecondChatEnabled = loginToSecondChatEnabled;
 	}
 
+	public double[] getGUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW() {
+		return GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW;
+	}
+
+	public void setGUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW(double[] GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW) {
+		this.GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW = GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW;
+	}
+
+	public double[] getGUIstationMapStagePositionXY() {
+		return GUIstationMapStagePositionXY;
+	}
+
+	public void setGUIstationMapStagePositionXY(double[] GUIstationMapStagePositionXY) {
+		this.GUIstationMapStagePositionXY = GUIstationMapStagePositionXY;
+	}
+
 	public boolean isGuiOptions_defaultFilterNothing() {
 		return guiOptions_defaultFilterNothing;
 	}
@@ -1245,6 +1317,63 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 			stn_qtfDefault.setTextContent(this.stn_qtfDefault+"");
 			station.appendChild(stn_qtfDefault);
 
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters");
+			stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters");
+			stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory");
+			stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory);
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId");
+			stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId);
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId);
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts");
+			stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi");
+			stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts");
+			stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi");
+			stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb");
+			stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz");
+			stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb");
+			stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm");
+			stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm");
+			stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm);
+
+			Element stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb = doc.createElement("stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb");
+			stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb.setTextContent(this.stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb + "");
+			station.appendChild(stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb);
+
+
+
 			Element stn_bandActive144 = doc.createElement("stn_bandActive144");
 			stn_bandActive144.setTextContent(this.stn_bandActive144+"");
 			station.appendChild(stn_bandActive144);
@@ -1740,6 +1869,18 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 			GUIpnl_directedMSGWin_dividerpositionDefault.setTextContent(doubleArrayToCSVString(getGUIpnl_directedMSGWin_dividerpositionDefault()));
 			guiOptions.appendChild(GUIpnl_directedMSGWin_dividerpositionDefault);
 
+			Element GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW = doc.createElement("GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW");
+			GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW.setTextContent(
+					this.getGUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW()[0] + ";" + this.getGUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW()[1]
+			);
+			guiOptions.appendChild(GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW);
+
+			Element GUIstationMapStagePositionXY = doc.createElement("GUIstationMapStagePositionXY");
+			GUIstationMapStagePositionXY.setTextContent(
+					this.getGUIstationMapStagePositionXY()[0] + ";" + this.getGUIstationMapStagePositionXY()[1]
+			);
+			guiOptions.appendChild(GUIstationMapStagePositionXY);
+
 			/****************************************************************************************
 			 ****************************** now write this XML! *************************************
 			 ****************************************************************************************/
@@ -1856,6 +1997,90 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 				stn_maxQRBDefault = getDouble(stationEl, stn_maxQRBDefault, "stn_maxQRBDefault");
 				stn_qtfDefault = getDouble(stationEl, stn_qtfDefault, "stn_qtfDefault");
 
+				stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory = getText(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId = getText(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisDemDatasetId"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm"
+				);
+
+				stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb = getDouble(
+						stationEl,
+						stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb,
+						"stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb"
+				);
+
 				// Band activity flags (introduced later; if missing -> keep defaults)
 				stn_bandActive144 = getBoolean(stationEl, stn_bandActive144, "stn_bandActive144");
 				stn_bandActive432 = getBoolean(stationEl, stn_bandActive432, "stn_bandActive432");
@@ -2264,6 +2489,16 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 						parseSemicolonDoublesInto(getText(element, null, "GUIstage_updateStage_SceneSizeHW"), this.getGUIstage_updateStage_SceneSizeHW());
 						parseSemicolonDoublesInto(getText(element, null, "GUIsettingsStageSceneSizeHW"), this.getGUIsettingsStageSceneSizeHW());
 
+						parseSemicolonDoublesInto(
+								getText(element, null, "GUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW"),
+								this.getGUIstationMapStageSceneSizeHW()
+						);
+
+						parseSemicolonDoublesInto(
+								getText(element, null, "GUIstationMapStagePositionXY"),
+								this.getGUIstationMapStagePositionXY()
+						);
+
 						// Splitpane divider positions
 						String s1 = getText(element, null, "GUIselectedCallSignSplitPane_dividerposition");
 						if (s1 != null) {
@@ -2660,6 +2895,100 @@ public class ChatPreferences {
 		}
 	}
 
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts(double stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts = stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi(double stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi = stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts(double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts = stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi(double stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi = stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb(double stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb = stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz(double stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz = stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb(double stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb = stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm(double stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm = stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm(double stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm = stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm;
+	}
+
+	public double getStn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb() {
+		return stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb;
+	}
+
+	public void setStn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb(double stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb) {
+		this.stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb = stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb;
+	}
+
+	public kst4contest.view.map.PathLinkBudgetSettings buildPathLinkBudgetSettings() {
+		return new kst4contest.view.map.PathLinkBudgetSettings(
+				stn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts,
+				stn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi,
+				stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts,
+				stn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi,
+				stn_pathAnalysisVhfFeederLossPerStationDb,
+				stn_pathAnalysisFeederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz,
+				stn_pathAnalysisMaxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb,
+				stn_pathAnalysisRequiredSsbSignalDbm,
+				stn_pathAnalysisRequiredCwSignalDbm,
+				stn_pathAnalysisContestMarginDb
+		);
+	}
 }
 
 

src/main/java/kst4contest/service/path/FresnelMathUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package kst4contest.service.path;
+
+/**
+ * Utility methods for Fresnel zone calculations.
+ *
+ * <p>This helper intentionally contains only pure mathematical functions.
+ * It has no dependency on UI code or terrain providers.</p>
+ */
+public final class FresnelMathUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * Speed of light in vacuum in meters per second.
+     */
+    public static final double SPEED_OF_LIGHT_METERS_PER_SECOND = 299_792_458.0;
+
+    private FresnelMathUtils() {
+        // Utility class
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the wavelength in meters for the given frequency.
+     *
+     * @param frequencyHz signal frequency in Hz
+     * @return wavelength in meters, or 0 if the input is invalid
+     */
+    public static double computeWavelengthMeters(final double frequencyHz) {
+        if (frequencyHz <= 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+        return SPEED_OF_LIGHT_METERS_PER_SECOND / frequencyHz;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the radius of the first Fresnel zone at a specific point
+     * along the path.
+     *
+     * <p>Formula:
+     * r = sqrt(lambda * d1 * d2 / (d1 + d2))</p>
+     *
+     * @param frequencyHz signal frequency in Hz
+     * @param distanceFromTxMeters distance from TX to the current point in meters
+     * @param totalPathDistanceMeters full TX-to-RX path length in meters
+     * @return Fresnel radius in meters, or 0 at invalid inputs / path ends
+     */
+    public static double computeFirstFresnelRadiusMeters(
+            final double frequencyHz,
+            final double distanceFromTxMeters,
+            final double totalPathDistanceMeters) {
+
+        if (frequencyHz <= 0.0 || totalPathDistanceMeters <= 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        final double clampedDistanceFromTxMeters = Math.max(
+                0.0,
+                Math.min(distanceFromTxMeters, totalPathDistanceMeters)
+        );
+
+        final double distanceFromPointToRxMeters = totalPathDistanceMeters - clampedDistanceFromTxMeters;
+
+        if (clampedDistanceFromTxMeters <= 0.0 || distanceFromPointToRxMeters <= 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        final double wavelengthMeters = computeWavelengthMeters(frequencyHz);
+
+        return Math.sqrt(
+                wavelengthMeters
+                        * clampedDistanceFromTxMeters
+                        * distanceFromPointToRxMeters
+                        / totalPathDistanceMeters
+        );
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/Kst4ContestApplication.java

@@ -62,11 +62,16 @@ import kst4contest.model.*;
 import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
 import javafx.scene.shape.Polygon;
 import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+import kst4contest.view.map.StationMapBridge;
+import kst4contest.view.map.StationMapView;
+import kst4contest.view.map.OfflineDemImportService;
 
 
 public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateListener  {
 //	private static final Kst4ContestApplication dbcontroller = new DBController();
 
+	private StationMapView stationMapView; //view class for the avl stn map
+	private StationMapBridge stationMapBridge; //bridge for mapping actions between map and view
 
 	private final Button btnBandUpgradeIndicator = new Button("BAND+");
 	private final Tooltip tipBandUpgradeIndicator = new Tooltip();
@@ -116,6 +121,73 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 
 	ToggleButton[] btnQtfButtonsAvl = new ToggleButton[8];
 
+	private void ensureStationMapSupportInitialized() {
+		if (stationMapView != null && stationMapBridge != null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		stationMapView = new StationMapView(chatcontroller.getChatPreferences());
+		stationMapBridge = new StationMapBridge(
+				chatcontroller,
+				tbl_chatMember,
+				stationMapView,
+				this::focusChatMemberAndPrepareCq
+		);
+		stationMapBridge.install();
+	}
+
+	private void toggleStationMapWindow() {
+		ensureStationMapSupportInitialized();
+		stationMapBridge.toggleWindow();
+	}
+
+	private void showSelectedCallsignOnMap() {
+		ensureStationMapSupportInitialized();
+
+		if (selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember != null) {
+			chatcontroller.getScoreService().setSelectedChatMember(selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember);
+		}
+
+		stationMapBridge.focusSelectedCallsign();
+	}
+
+	private void refreshStationMapIfVisible() {
+		if (stationMapBridge != null && stationMapView != null && stationMapView.isShowing()) {
+			stationMapBridge.requestImmediateRefresh();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolves a reasonable initial directory for the DEM tile file chooser.
+	 *
+	 * <p>Preference order:
+	 * <ol>
+	 *     <li>configured DEM root directory if it already exists</li>
+	 *     <li>its parent directory if that exists</li>
+	 *     <li>user home directory</li>
+	 * </ol>
+	 *
+	 * @param configuredDemRootDirectory current DEM root directory text
+	 * @return usable initial directory or null
+	 */
+	private File resolveInitialDirectoryForDemImport(String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+		if (configuredDemRootDirectory != null && !configuredDemRootDirectory.isBlank()) {
+			File configuredDirectory = new File(configuredDemRootDirectory.trim());
+
+			if (configuredDirectory.isDirectory()) {
+				return configuredDirectory;
+			}
+
+			File parentDirectory = configuredDirectory.getParentFile();
+			if (parentDirectory != null && parentDirectory.isDirectory()) {
+				return parentDirectory;
+			}
+		}
+
+		File userHomeDirectory = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
+		return userHomeDirectory.isDirectory() ? userHomeDirectory : null;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * helper DTO for planes and arriving time in minutes. Maybe
 	 */
@@ -705,23 +777,21 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 		});
 		selectedCallSignShowAsPathBtn.setGraphic(createArrow(selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember.getQTFdirection()));
 
+		Button selectedCallSignShowOnMapBtn = new Button("Show on map");
+		selectedCallSignShowOnMapBtn.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
+			@Override
+			public void handle(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
+				showSelectedCallsignOnMap();
+			}
+		});
+
 
         Button selectedCallSignTurnAntBtn = new Button("Turn ant1 to " + selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember.getCallSignRaw());
         selectedCallSignTurnAntBtn.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
             @Override
             public void handle(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
-//                chatcontroller.airScout_SendAsShowPathPacket(selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember);
-//                Alert a = new Alert(AlertType.INFORMATION);
-//
-//                a.setTitle("Not yet implemented!");
-//                a.setHeaderText("kst4Contest " + ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_CURRENTVERSIONNUMBER + ": This is a todo!");
-//                a.setContentText("Mach mal hinne!");
-//                a.show();
-//                chatcontroller.stopRotator(); //if it´s running, stop it firstly, then set the new value
-//                chatcontroller.stopRotator();
                 chatcontroller.rotateTo(selectedCallSignInfoStageChatMember.getQTFdirection());
 
-
                 //TODO: Hier muss was hin
             }
         });
@@ -743,7 +813,11 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 			}
 		});
 
-		selectedCallSignDownerSiteGridPane.add(selectedCallSignShowAsPathBtn, 1,0,1,1);
+//		selectedCallSignDownerSiteGridPane.add(selectedCallSignShowAsPathBtn, 1,0,1,1);
+
+		HBox selectedCallSignPathAndMapButtons = new HBox(10, selectedCallSignShowAsPathBtn, selectedCallSignShowOnMapBtn);
+		selectedCallSignDownerSiteGridPane.add(selectedCallSignPathAndMapButtons, 1,0,1,1);
+
         selectedCallSignDownerSiteGridPane.add(selectedCallSignTurnAntBtn, 1,1,1,1);
 
 		selectedCallSignDownerSiteGridPane.add(selectedCallSignShowQRZprofile, 1,2,1,1);
@@ -2278,6 +2352,24 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 		applyQrgUiFormatting(qrgCol); //fills ending 0 to format the qrgs pretty
 
 
+//		TableColumn<ChatMessage, String> msgCol = new TableColumn<ChatMessage, String>("Message");
+//		msgCol.setCellValueFactory(new Callback<CellDataFeatures<ChatMessage, String>, ObservableValue<String>>() {
+//
+//			@Override
+//			public ObservableValue<String> call(CellDataFeatures<ChatMessage, String> cellDataFeatures) {
+//				SimpleStringProperty msg = new SimpleStringProperty();
+//
+//				if (cellDataFeatures.getValue().getMessageText() != null) {
+//
+//					msg.setValue(cellDataFeatures.getValue().getMessageText());
+//				} else {
+//
+//					msg.setValue("");// TODO: Prevents a bug of not setting all values as a default
+//				}
+//				return msg;
+//			}
+//		});
+
 		TableColumn<ChatMessage, String> msgCol = new TableColumn<ChatMessage, String>("Message");
 		msgCol.setCellValueFactory(new Callback<CellDataFeatures<ChatMessage, String>, ObservableValue<String>>() {
 
@@ -2285,13 +2377,12 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 			public ObservableValue<String> call(CellDataFeatures<ChatMessage, String> cellDataFeatures) {
 				SimpleStringProperty msg = new SimpleStringProperty();
 
-				if (cellDataFeatures.getValue().getMessageText() != null) {
-
-					msg.setValue(cellDataFeatures.getValue().getMessageText());
+				if (cellDataFeatures.getValue() != null) {
+					msg.setValue(chatcontroller.formatChatMessageTextForDisplay(cellDataFeatures.getValue()));
 				} else {
-
-					msg.setValue("");// TODO: Prevents a bug of not setting all values as a default
+					msg.setValue("");
 				}
+
 				return msg;
 			}
 		});
@@ -3777,7 +3868,9 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 				settingsScene.getStylesheets().add(ApplicationConstants.STYLECSSFILE_DEFAULT_EVENING);
 
 				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setGUI_darkModeActive(true);
-
+				if (stationMapBridge != null) {
+					stationMapBridge.applyThemeFromPreferences(); //dark mode for the map
+				}
 			}
 		});
 
@@ -3796,10 +3889,32 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 				clusterAndQSOMonScene.getStylesheets().add(ApplicationConstants.STYLECSSFILE_DEFAULT_DAYLIGHT);
 				settingsScene.getStylesheets().add(ApplicationConstants.STYLECSSFILE_DEFAULT_DAYLIGHT);
 				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setGUI_darkModeActive(false);
+
+				if (stationMapBridge != null) {
+					stationMapBridge.applyThemeFromPreferences();
+				}
 			}
 		});
 
-		windowMenu.getItems().addAll(window1, window20, window30, window40);
+
+		MenuItem window50 = new MenuItem("Show / hide station map");
+		window50.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
+			public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
+				toggleStationMapWindow();
+			}
+		});
+
+//		windowMenu.getItems().addAll(window1, window20, window30, window40, window50);
+
+		windowMenu.getItems().addAll(
+				window1,
+				window20,
+				new SeparatorMenuItem(),
+				window50,
+				new SeparatorMenuItem(),
+				window30,
+				window40
+		);
 
 		Menu helpMenu = new Menu("Info");
 
@@ -6518,9 +6633,36 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 
 				System.out.println("[Main.java, Info]: Setted the beam: " + txtFldstn_antennaBeamWidthDeg.getText());
 				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_antennaBeamWidthDeg(Double.parseDouble(txtFldstn_antennaBeamWidthDeg.getText()));
+				refreshStationMapIfVisible(); //updates the mapview
+
 			}
 		});
 
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts = createDoublePreferenceTextField(
+				this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts(),
+				"Own TX power in watts used for path link-budget estimates.",
+				value -> this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts(value)
+		);
+
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi = createDoublePreferenceTextField(
+				this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi(),
+				"Own antenna gain in dBi used for path link-budget estimates. 12 dBd = 14.15 dBi.",
+				value -> this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi(value)
+		);
+
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts = createDoublePreferenceTextField(
+				this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts(),
+				"Assumed default DX station TX power in watts. Used when no station-specific data exists.",
+				value -> this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts(value)
+		);
+
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi = createDoublePreferenceTextField(
+				this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi(),
+				"Assumed default DX antenna gain in dBi. 8-10 dBi is realistic for many 2m contest stations.",
+				value -> this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi(value)
+		);
+
+
 		TextField txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault = new TextField(this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_maxQRBDefault() + "");
 		txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault.setFocusTraversable(false);
 
@@ -6539,6 +6681,7 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 
 				System.out.println("[Main.java, Info]: Setted the QRB: " + txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault.getText());
 				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_maxQRBDefault(Double.parseDouble(txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault.getText()));
+				refreshStationMapIfVisible();
 			}
 		});
 
@@ -6566,6 +6709,144 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 
 		});
 
+
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters =
+				new TextField(this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters() + "");
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.setFocusTraversable(false);
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.setTooltip(new Tooltip(
+				"Own antenna height above local ground in meters.\nThis value is used for path analysis."
+		));
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.textProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<String>() {
+
+			@Override
+			public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends String> observed, String oldString, String newString) {
+
+				if (newString.equals("")) {
+					txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.setText("0");
+				}
+
+				if (!newString.matches("\\d*(\\.\\d*)?")) {
+					txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.setText(newString.replaceAll("[^\\d.]", ""));
+					return;
+				}
+
+				try {
+					double value = Double.parseDouble(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters.getText());
+					chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters(value);
+					refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+				} catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+				}
+			}
+		});
+
+		TextField txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory =
+				new TextField(this.chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory());
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.setFocusTraversable(false);
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.setTooltip(new Tooltip(
+				"Root directory that contains locally extracted Copernicus GLO-30 DEM tiles.\n" +
+						"The program scans this directory recursively for *_DEM.tif tiles."
+		));
+		txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.focusedProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {
+			@Override
+			public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> observableValue, Boolean oldValue, Boolean newValue) {
+				if (!newValue) {
+					chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory(
+							txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.getText()
+					);
+					refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+				}
+			}
+		});
+
+		OfflineDemImportService offlineDemImportService = new OfflineDemImportService();
+
+		Button btnUseDefaultDemDirectory = new Button("Default");
+		btnUseDefaultDemDirectory.setFocusTraversable(false);
+		btnUseDefaultDemDirectory.setTooltip(new Tooltip(
+				"Creates and uses the default local Copernicus DEM directory below .praktiKST.\n" +
+						"This does not download tiles yet, it only prepares the folder."
+		));
+		btnUseDefaultDemDirectory.setOnAction(event -> {
+			OfflineDemImportService.ImportResult importResult =
+					offlineDemImportService.ensureDefaultCopernicusRootDirectory();
+
+			if (importResult.targetRootDirectory() != null) {
+				txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.setText(
+						importResult.targetRootDirectory().toAbsolutePath().toString()
+				);
+				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory(
+						txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.getText()
+				);
+				refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+			}
+
+			Alert alert = new Alert(importResult.success() ? AlertType.INFORMATION : AlertType.WARNING);
+			alert.setTitle("DEM directory");
+			alert.setHeaderText(importResult.success()
+					? "Local Copernicus DEM directory is ready"
+					: "DEM directory could not be prepared");
+			alert.setContentText(importResult.message());
+			alert.show();
+		});
+
+		Button btnImportDemTiles = new Button("Import tiles...");
+		btnImportDemTiles.setFocusTraversable(false);
+		btnImportDemTiles.setTooltip(new Tooltip(
+				"Copies manually selected Copernicus *_DEM.tif files into the configured DEM root directory.\n" +
+						"If no DEM root directory is configured yet, the default .praktiKST/dem/copernicus_glo30 directory is used."
+		));
+		btnImportDemTiles.setOnAction(event -> {
+			FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
+			fileChooser.setTitle("Import Copernicus GLO-30 DEM tiles");
+			fileChooser.getExtensionFilters().add(
+					new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("GeoTIFF DEM tiles", "*.tif", "*.tiff")
+			);
+
+			File initialDirectory = resolveInitialDirectoryForDemImport(
+					txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.getText()
+			);
+			if (initialDirectory != null) {
+				fileChooser.setInitialDirectory(initialDirectory);
+			}
+
+			List<File> selectedFiles = fileChooser.showOpenMultipleDialog(primaryStage);
+			if (selectedFiles == null || selectedFiles.isEmpty()) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			OfflineDemImportService.ImportResult importResult =
+					offlineDemImportService.importTiles(
+							selectedFiles,
+							txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.getText()
+					);
+
+			if (importResult.targetRootDirectory() != null) {
+				txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.setText(
+						importResult.targetRootDirectory().toAbsolutePath().toString()
+				);
+				chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().setStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory(
+						txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory.getText()
+				);
+				refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+			}
+
+			Alert alert = new Alert(
+					importResult.success() && importResult.importedFileCount() > 0
+							? AlertType.INFORMATION
+							: AlertType.WARNING
+			);
+			alert.setTitle("DEM tile import");
+			alert.setHeaderText(
+					importResult.success() && importResult.importedFileCount() > 0
+							? "DEM tiles imported"
+							: "No DEM tiles were imported"
+			);
+			alert.setContentText(importResult.message());
+			alert.show();
+		});
+
+		HBox hbxDemDirectoryActions = new HBox(8.0, btnUseDefaultDemDirectory, btnImportDemTiles);
+
 		Label lbl_station_pstRotatorEnabled = new Label("Enable PSTRotator interface (auto QTF):");
 		CheckBox chkBx_station_pstRotatorEnabled = new CheckBox();
 		chkBx_station_pstRotatorEnabled.setSelected(chatcontroller.getChatPreferences().isStn_pstRotatorEnabled());
@@ -6589,12 +6870,36 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 		grdPnlStation.add(choiceBxChatChategory, 1, 4);
 		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Antenna beamwidth:"), 0, 5);
 		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_antennaBeamWidthDeg, 1, 5);
-		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Default maximum QRB:"), 0, 6);
-		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault, 1, 6);
-		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Default filter QTF:"), 0, 7);
-		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_qtfDefault, 1, 7);
-		grdPnlStation.add(lbl_station_pstRotatorEnabled, 0, 8);
-		grdPnlStation.add(chkBx_station_pstRotatorEnabled, 1, 8);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Own antenna height AGL:"), 0, 8);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters, 1, 8);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("DEM root directory:"), 0, 9);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory, 1, 9);
+		grdPnlStation.add(hbxDemDirectoryActions, 2, 7, 2, 1);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Default maximum QRB:"), 0, 10);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_maxQRBDefault, 1, 10);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Default filter QTF:"), 0, 11);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_qtfDefault, 1, 11);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Own TX power W:"), 2, 5);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts, 3, 5);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("Own ant. gain dBi:"), 0, 6);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi, 1, 6);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("DX OM TX power W:"), 2, 6);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts, 3, 6);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(new Label("DX OM ant. gain dBi:"), 0, 7);
+		grdPnlStation.add(txtFldstn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi, 1, 7);
+
+		grdPnlStation.add(lbl_station_pstRotatorEnabled, 0, 10);
+		grdPnlStation.add(chkBx_station_pstRotatorEnabled, 1, 10);
+
+
 
 		VBox vbxStation = new VBox();
 		vbxStation.setPadding(new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10));
@@ -6746,6 +7051,9 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 //		vbxStation.getChildren().add(settings_chkbx_QRV5600);
 //		vbxStation.getChildren().add(settings_chkbx_QRV10G);
 
+
+
+
 		/*************************************************************************************
 		 * Log synch settings Tab
 		 *************************************************************************************/
@@ -8786,6 +9094,49 @@ public class Kst4ContestApplication extends Application implements StatusUpdateL
 		return null;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper for creating station double preferences textfields
+	 * @param initialValue
+	 * @param tooltipText
+	 * @param valueConsumer
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	private TextField createDoublePreferenceTextField(double initialValue,
+	                                                  String tooltipText,
+	                                                  java.util.function.DoubleConsumer valueConsumer) {
+		TextField textField = new TextField(String.valueOf(initialValue));
+		textField.setFocusTraversable(false);
+		textField.setTooltip(new Tooltip(tooltipText));
+
+		textField.focusedProperty().addListener((observable, oldValue, focused) -> {
+			if (!focused) {
+				try {
+					String normalizedText = textField.getText().trim().replace(",", ".");
+					double parsedValue = Double.parseDouble(normalizedText);
+					valueConsumer.accept(parsedValue);
+					textField.setText(String.valueOf(parsedValue));
+					refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+				} catch (NumberFormatException exception) {
+					textField.setText(String.valueOf(initialValue));
+				}
+			}
+		});
+
+		textField.setOnAction(event -> {
+			try {
+				String normalizedText = textField.getText().trim().replace(",", ".");
+				double parsedValue = Double.parseDouble(normalizedText);
+				valueConsumer.accept(parsedValue);
+				textField.setText(String.valueOf(parsedValue));
+				refreshStationMapIfVisible();
+			} catch (NumberFormatException exception) {
+				textField.setText(String.valueOf(initialValue));
+			}
+		});
+
+		return textField;
+	}
+
 }
 
 /**
@@ -8820,6 +9171,7 @@ class ActionButtonTableCell<S, T> extends TableCell<S, T> {
 			setGraphic(actionButton);
 		}
 	}
+
 }
 
 /**
@@ -8858,6 +9210,4 @@ class CheckBoxTableCell<S, T> extends TableCell<S, T> {
 
 
 
-
-
 }

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/ChainedTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Tries terrain providers in order and returns the first usable profile.
+ */
+public final class ChainedTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    private final List<TerrainProfileProvider> providers;
+
+    public ChainedTerrainProfileProvider(List<TerrainProfileProvider> providers) {
+        this.providers = providers == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(providers);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        TerrainProfileData lastResult = TerrainProfileData.empty("No terrain provider");
+
+        for (TerrainProfileProvider provider : providers) {
+            if (provider == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            TerrainProfileData currentResult = provider.loadProfile(request);
+            if (currentResult != null) {
+                lastResult = currentResult;
+                if (currentResult.hasUsableProfile()) {
+                    return currentResult;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return lastResult;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/CopernicusGlo30TerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
+import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
+import java.awt.image.Raster;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Offline terrain provider for locally extracted Copernicus GLO-30 DGED DEM tiles.
+ *
+ * <p>Assumptions of this reader:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>local tiles already exist on disk</li>
+ *     <li>official DGED GeoTIFF filenames are used</li>
+ *     <li>tiles represent 1° x 1° geocells</li>
+ *     <li>the raster uses RasterPixelIsPoint semantics</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The active improvement step uses great-circle interpolation for the
+ * sampled path points. This avoids the path distortion of simple linear
+ * latitude/longitude interpolation on longer Europe-wide paths.</p>
+ */
+public final class CopernicusGlo30TerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    private static final String SOURCE_NAME = "Copernicus GLO-30 offline DEM";
+    private static final double NODATA_VALUE = -32767.0;
+    private static final int MAX_LOADED_TILES = 8;
+
+    private final Supplier<String> demRootDirectorySupplier;
+    private final OfflineDemManager offlineDemManager;
+
+    private final Map<Path, LoadedTile> loadedTileCache =
+            new LinkedHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, true) {
+                @Override
+                protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Path, LoadedTile> eldest) {
+                    return size() > MAX_LOADED_TILES;
+                }
+            };
+
+    public CopernicusGlo30TerrainProfileProvider(Supplier<String> demRootDirectorySupplier,
+                                                 OfflineDemManager offlineDemManager) {
+        this.demRootDirectorySupplier = Objects.requireNonNull(demRootDirectorySupplier, "demRootDirectorySupplier");
+        this.offlineDemManager = Objects.requireNonNull(offlineDemManager, "offlineDemManager");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        if (request == null || !request.hasUsableEndpoints() || request.requestedSampleCount() < 2) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME);
+        }
+
+        OfflineDemManager.OfflineDemIndex demIndex =
+                offlineDemManager.inspectAndIndex(demRootDirectorySupplier.get(), DemDataset.COPERNICUS_GLO_30);
+
+        if (!demIndex.usable()) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " unavailable");
+        }
+
+        int sampleCount = Math.max(2, request.requestedSampleCount());
+        List<PathProfilePoint> points = new ArrayList<>(sampleCount);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++) {
+            double t = sampleCount == 1 ? 0.0 : (double) i / (double) (sampleCount - 1);
+
+            PathGeometryUtils.GeoPoint interpolatedPoint =
+                    PathGeometryUtils.interpolateGreatCirclePoint(
+                            request.fromLatitudeDeg(),
+                            request.fromLongitudeDeg(),
+                            request.toLatitudeDeg(),
+                            request.toLongitudeDeg(),
+                            t
+                    );
+
+            double latitudeDeg = interpolatedPoint.latitudeDeg();
+            double longitudeDeg = interpolatedPoint.longitudeDeg();
+            double distanceKm = request.totalDistanceKm() * t;
+
+            if (!Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg) || !Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)) {
+                return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " path interpolation failed");
+            }
+
+            Path tilePath = demIndex.findTilePath(latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg);
+            if (tilePath == null) {
+                return TerrainProfileData.empty(String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "%s missing required tile(s) near %.5f / %.5f",
+                        SOURCE_NAME,
+                        latitudeDeg,
+                        longitudeDeg
+                ));
+            }
+
+            LoadedTile loadedTile = getOrLoadTile(tilePath);
+            if (loadedTile == null) {
+                return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " tile read failed");
+            }
+
+            double elevationMeters = sampleElevationMeters(loadedTile, latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg);
+            if (!Double.isFinite(elevationMeters)) {
+                return TerrainProfileData.empty(String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "%s contains no-data sample(s) near %.5f / %.5f",
+                        SOURCE_NAME,
+                        latitudeDeg,
+                        longitudeDeg
+                ));
+            }
+
+            points.add(new PathProfilePoint(
+                    distanceKm,
+                    latitudeDeg,
+                    longitudeDeg,
+                    elevationMeters
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return new TerrainProfileData(points, SOURCE_NAME, false);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized LoadedTile getOrLoadTile(Path tilePath) {
+        LoadedTile cachedTile = loadedTileCache.get(tilePath);
+        if (cachedTile != null) {
+            return cachedTile;
+        }
+
+        LoadedTile loadedTile = loadTile(tilePath);
+        if (loadedTile != null) {
+            loadedTileCache.put(tilePath, loadedTile);
+        }
+
+        return loadedTile;
+    }
+
+    private LoadedTile loadTile(Path tilePath) {
+        if (tilePath == null || !Files.isRegularFile(tilePath)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try (ImageInputStream imageInputStream = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(tilePath.toFile())) {
+            if (imageInputStream == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReaders(imageInputStream);
+            if (!readers.hasNext()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ImageReader imageReader = readers.next();
+            try {
+                imageReader.setInput(imageInputStream, true, true);
+                Raster raster = imageReader.readRaster(0, null);
+
+                if (raster == null || raster.getWidth() < 2 || raster.getHeight() < 2) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                return new LoadedTile(
+                        tilePath,
+                        raster,
+                        raster.getWidth(),
+                        raster.getHeight(),
+                        parseSouthDeg(tilePath.getFileName().toString()),
+                        parseWestDeg(tilePath.getFileName().toString())
+                );
+            } finally {
+                imageReader.dispose();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException exception) {
+            System.err.println("[StationMap] Could not read DEM tile " + tilePath + ": " + exception.getMessage());
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int parseSouthDeg(String filename) {
+        ParsedTileKey key = ParsedTileKey.fromFilename(filename);
+        return key == null ? 0 : key.southDeg();
+    }
+
+    private int parseWestDeg(String filename) {
+        ParsedTileKey key = ParsedTileKey.fromFilename(filename);
+        return key == null ? 0 : key.westDeg();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Samples one DEM tile using bilinear interpolation.
+     *
+     * <p>The current reader assumes 1° x 1° geocells and derives raster
+     * coordinates directly from the sample latitude/longitude.</p>
+     *
+     * @param tile loaded DEM tile
+     * @param latitudeDeg sample latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg sample longitude in degrees
+     * @return interpolated elevation in meters or NaN
+     */
+    private double sampleElevationMeters(LoadedTile tile, double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+        if (tile == null) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double x = (longitudeDeg - tile.westDeg()) * (tile.width() - 1);
+        double y = ((tile.southDeg() + 1.0) - latitudeDeg) * (tile.height() - 1);
+
+        x = clamp(x, 0.0, tile.width() - 1.0);
+        y = clamp(y, 0.0, tile.height() - 1.0);
+
+        int x0 = (int) Math.floor(x);
+        int y0 = (int) Math.floor(y);
+        int x1 = Math.min(x0 + 1, tile.width() - 1);
+        int y1 = Math.min(y0 + 1, tile.height() - 1);
+
+        double q11 = readSample(tile.raster(), x0, y0);
+        double q21 = readSample(tile.raster(), x1, y0);
+        double q12 = readSample(tile.raster(), x0, y1);
+        double q22 = readSample(tile.raster(), x1, y1);
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(q11) || !Double.isFinite(q21) || !Double.isFinite(q12) || !Double.isFinite(q22)) {
+            double nearest = readSample(tile.raster(), (int) Math.round(x), (int) Math.round(y));
+            return Double.isFinite(nearest) ? nearest : Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double dx = x - x0;
+        double dy = y - y0;
+
+        double top = q11 + (q21 - q11) * dx;
+        double bottom = q12 + (q22 - q12) * dx;
+
+        return top + (bottom - top) * dy;
+    }
+
+    private double readSample(Raster raster, int x, int y) {
+        double value = raster.getSampleDouble(x, y, 0);
+        if (!Double.isFinite(value) || value <= NODATA_VALUE) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private double clamp(double value, double minValue, double maxValue) {
+        return Math.max(minValue, Math.min(maxValue, value));
+    }
+
+    private record LoadedTile(
+            Path path,
+            Raster raster,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            int southDeg,
+            int westDeg
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    private record ParsedTileKey(int southDeg, int westDeg) {
+
+        private static final java.util.regex.Pattern TILE_PATTERN =
+                java.util.regex.Pattern.compile("(?i)^Copernicus_[A-Z]{3}_10_([NS])(\\d{2})_(\\d{2})_([EW])(\\d{3})_(\\d{2})_DEM\\.tif$");
+
+        static ParsedTileKey fromFilename(String filename) {
+            if (filename == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var matcher = TILE_PATTERN.matcher(filename);
+            if (!matcher.matches()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            int south = signed(matcher.group(1), matcher.group(2));
+            int west = signed(matcher.group(4), matcher.group(5));
+
+            return new ParsedTileKey(south, west);
+        }
+
+        private static int signed(String direction, String degrees) {
+            int value = Integer.parseInt(degrees);
+            if ("S".equalsIgnoreCase(direction) || "W".equalsIgnoreCase(direction)) {
+                return -value;
+            }
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/DemDataset.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Supported offline DEM datasets.
+ *
+ * First real offline target:
+ * Copernicus DEM GLO-30 DGED GeoTIFF.
+ */
+public enum DemDataset {
+
+    COPERNICUS_GLO_30("copernicus_glo_30", "Copernicus DEM GLO-30");
+
+    private final String id;
+    private final String displayName;
+
+    DemDataset(String id, String displayName) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.displayName = displayName;
+    }
+
+    public String id() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String displayName() {
+        return displayName;
+    }
+
+    public static DemDataset fromId(String id) {
+        if (id == null || id.isBlank()) {
+            return COPERNICUS_GLO_30;
+        }
+
+        String normalized = id.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        for (DemDataset dataset : values()) {
+            if (dataset.id.equals(normalized)) {
+                return dataset;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return COPERNICUS_GLO_30;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/FallbackTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Terrain provider wrapper that tries a primary source first and falls back
+ * to a secondary provider when the primary source returns no usable profile.
+ */
+public final class FallbackTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    private final TerrainProfileProvider primaryProvider;
+    private final TerrainProfileProvider fallbackProvider;
+
+    public FallbackTerrainProfileProvider(TerrainProfileProvider primaryProvider,
+                                          TerrainProfileProvider fallbackProvider) {
+        this.primaryProvider = Objects.requireNonNull(primaryProvider, "primaryProvider");
+        this.fallbackProvider = Objects.requireNonNull(fallbackProvider, "fallbackProvider");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        TerrainProfileData primaryData = safeLoad(primaryProvider, request);
+        if (primaryData.hasUsableProfile()) {
+            return primaryData;
+        }
+
+        TerrainProfileData fallbackData = safeLoad(fallbackProvider, request);
+        if (fallbackData.hasUsableProfile()) {
+            return fallbackData;
+        }
+
+        return fallbackData.profilePoints().isEmpty() ? primaryData : fallbackData;
+    }
+
+    private TerrainProfileData safeLoad(TerrainProfileProvider provider, TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        try {
+            TerrainProfileData result = provider.loadProfile(request);
+            return result == null
+                    ? TerrainProfileData.empty(provider.getClass().getSimpleName())
+                    : result;
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            System.err.println("[StationMap] Terrain provider failed: "
+                    + provider.getClass().getSimpleName()
+                    + " -> " + exception.getMessage());
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(provider.getClass().getSimpleName());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/MaidenheadGridRenderPlanner.java

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import static kst4contest.view.map.MaidenheadGridUtils.GridPrecision;
+
+/**
+ * Chooses a grid rendering strategy for the current viewport.
+ *
+ * Goals:
+ * - keep the current zoom based progression as a baseline
+ * - avoid overly dense grid rendering on unlucky viewport sizes
+ * - make label visibility depend on actual on-screen cell size
+ * - expose row/column strides so labels form a stable raster pattern
+ */
+public final class MaidenheadGridRenderPlanner {
+
+    private static final int MAX_SUBSQUARE_CELLS = 4500;
+    private static final int MAX_SQUARE_CELLS = 2500;
+
+    private static final double MIN_SUBSQUARE_CELL_WIDTH_PX = 8.0;
+    private static final double MIN_SUBSQUARE_CELL_HEIGHT_PX = 7.0;
+    private static final double MIN_SQUARE_CELL_WIDTH_PX = 10.0;
+    private static final double MIN_SQUARE_CELL_HEIGHT_PX = 9.0;
+
+    private MaidenheadGridRenderPlanner() {
+    }
+
+    public static GridRenderPlan createPlan(int leafletZoom,
+                                            double southLat,
+                                            double westLon,
+                                            double northLat,
+                                            double eastLon,
+                                            double viewportWidthPx,
+                                            double viewportHeightPx) {
+
+        double safeViewportWidthPx = Math.max(1.0, viewportWidthPx);
+        double safeViewportHeightPx = Math.max(1.0, viewportHeightPx);
+
+        GridPrecision requestedPrecision = MaidenheadGridUtils.precisionForZoom(leafletZoom);
+        GridPrecision effectivePrecision = chooseEffectivePrecision(
+                requestedPrecision,
+                southLat,
+                westLon,
+                northLat,
+                eastLon,
+                safeViewportWidthPx,
+                safeViewportHeightPx
+        );
+
+        double estimatedCellWidthPx = estimateCellWidthPx(effectivePrecision, westLon, eastLon, safeViewportWidthPx);
+        double estimatedCellHeightPx = estimateCellHeightPx(effectivePrecision, southLat, northLat, safeViewportHeightPx);
+
+        boolean showLabels = shouldShowLabels(effectivePrecision, estimatedCellWidthPx, estimatedCellHeightPx);
+        int labelColumnStride = showLabels ? computeStride(estimatedCellWidthPx, desiredLabelWidthPx(effectivePrecision)) : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        int labelRowStride = showLabels ? computeStride(estimatedCellHeightPx, desiredLabelHeightPx(effectivePrecision)) : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        double labelFontSizePx = estimateLabelFontSizePx(effectivePrecision, estimatedCellWidthPx, estimatedCellHeightPx);
+
+        return new GridRenderPlan(
+                effectivePrecision,
+                showLabels,
+                labelRowStride,
+                labelColumnStride,
+                estimatedCellWidthPx,
+                estimatedCellHeightPx,
+                labelFontSizePx
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static GridPrecision chooseEffectivePrecision(GridPrecision requestedPrecision,
+                                                          double southLat,
+                                                          double westLon,
+                                                          double northLat,
+                                                          double eastLon,
+                                                          double viewportWidthPx,
+                                                          double viewportHeightPx) {
+
+        GridPrecision effectivePrecision = requestedPrecision;
+
+        if (effectivePrecision == GridPrecision.SUBSQUARE_6
+                && !canRenderSubsquareGrid(southLat, westLon, northLat, eastLon, viewportWidthPx, viewportHeightPx)) {
+            effectivePrecision = GridPrecision.SQUARE_4;
+        }
+
+        if (effectivePrecision == GridPrecision.SQUARE_4
+                && !canRenderSquareGrid(southLat, westLon, northLat, eastLon, viewportWidthPx, viewportHeightPx)) {
+            effectivePrecision = GridPrecision.FIELD_2;
+        }
+
+        return effectivePrecision;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean canRenderSubsquareGrid(double southLat,
+                                                  double westLon,
+                                                  double northLat,
+                                                  double eastLon,
+                                                  double viewportWidthPx,
+                                                  double viewportHeightPx) {
+
+        double cellWidthPx = estimateCellWidthPx(GridPrecision.SUBSQUARE_6, westLon, eastLon, viewportWidthPx);
+        double cellHeightPx = estimateCellHeightPx(GridPrecision.SUBSQUARE_6, southLat, northLat, viewportHeightPx);
+        int estimatedCellCount = estimateVisibleCellCount(GridPrecision.SUBSQUARE_6, southLat, westLon, northLat, eastLon);
+
+        return cellWidthPx >= MIN_SUBSQUARE_CELL_WIDTH_PX
+                && cellHeightPx >= MIN_SUBSQUARE_CELL_HEIGHT_PX
+                && estimatedCellCount <= MAX_SUBSQUARE_CELLS;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean canRenderSquareGrid(double southLat,
+                                               double westLon,
+                                               double northLat,
+                                               double eastLon,
+                                               double viewportWidthPx,
+                                               double viewportHeightPx) {
+
+        double cellWidthPx = estimateCellWidthPx(GridPrecision.SQUARE_4, westLon, eastLon, viewportWidthPx);
+        double cellHeightPx = estimateCellHeightPx(GridPrecision.SQUARE_4, southLat, northLat, viewportHeightPx);
+        int estimatedCellCount = estimateVisibleCellCount(GridPrecision.SQUARE_4, southLat, westLon, northLat, eastLon);
+
+        return cellWidthPx >= MIN_SQUARE_CELL_WIDTH_PX
+                && cellHeightPx >= MIN_SQUARE_CELL_HEIGHT_PX
+                && estimatedCellCount <= MAX_SQUARE_CELLS;
+    }
+
+    private static int estimateVisibleCellCount(GridPrecision precision,
+                                                double southLat,
+                                                double westLon,
+                                                double northLat,
+                                                double eastLon) {
+
+        double lonSpanDeg = Math.max(1e-6, eastLon - westLon);
+        double latSpanDeg = Math.max(1e-6, northLat - southLat);
+
+        int columns = Math.max(1, (int) Math.ceil(lonSpanDeg / precision.cellWidthDeg()));
+        int rows = Math.max(1, (int) Math.ceil(latSpanDeg / precision.cellHeightDeg()));
+        return columns * rows;
+    }
+
+    private static double estimateCellWidthPx(GridPrecision precision,
+                                              double westLon,
+                                              double eastLon,
+                                              double viewportWidthPx) {
+
+        double lonSpanDeg = Math.max(1e-6, eastLon - westLon);
+        double visibleColumns = Math.max(1.0, lonSpanDeg / precision.cellWidthDeg());
+        return viewportWidthPx / visibleColumns;
+    }
+
+    private static double estimateCellHeightPx(GridPrecision precision,
+                                               double southLat,
+                                               double northLat,
+                                               double viewportHeightPx) {
+
+        double latSpanDeg = Math.max(1e-6, northLat - southLat);
+        double visibleRows = Math.max(1.0, latSpanDeg / precision.cellHeightDeg());
+        return viewportHeightPx / visibleRows;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean shouldShowLabels(GridPrecision precision, double cellWidthPx, double cellHeightPx) {
+        return switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> cellWidthPx >= 28.0 && cellHeightPx >= 14.0;
+            case SQUARE_4 -> cellWidthPx >= 22.0 && cellHeightPx >= 14.0;
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> cellWidthPx >= 18.0 && cellHeightPx >= 11.0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static double desiredLabelWidthPx(GridPrecision precision) {
+        return switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> 30.0;
+            case SQUARE_4 -> 44.0;
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> 56.0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static double desiredLabelHeightPx(GridPrecision precision) {
+        return switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> 18.0;
+            case SQUARE_4 -> 18.0;
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> 16.0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static double estimateLabelFontSizePx(GridPrecision precision,
+                                                  double cellWidthPx,
+                                                  double cellHeightPx) {
+
+        double minFontSizePx = switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> 14.0;
+            case SQUARE_4 -> 11.5;
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> 10.5;
+        };
+
+        double maxFontSizePx = switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> 18.0;
+            case SQUARE_4 -> 15.0;
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> 13.5;
+        };
+
+        double estimatedFontSizePx = Math.min(cellHeightPx * 0.55, cellWidthPx * 0.24);
+        return clamp(estimatedFontSizePx, minFontSizePx, maxFontSizePx);
+    }
+
+    private static int computeStride(double cellSizePx, double desiredLabelSizePx) {
+        return Math.max(1, (int) Math.ceil(desiredLabelSizePx / Math.max(1.0, cellSizePx)));
+    }
+
+    private static double clamp(double value, double min, double max) {
+        return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, value));
+    }
+
+    public record GridRenderPlan(
+            GridPrecision precision,
+            boolean showLabels,
+            int labelRowStride,
+            int labelColumnStride,
+            double estimatedCellWidthPx,
+            double estimatedCellHeightPx,
+            double labelFontSizePx
+    ) {
+
+        public boolean shouldShowLabel(MaidenheadGridUtils.GridCell cell) {
+            if (!showLabels || cell == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return (cell.rowIndex() % labelRowStride) == 0
+                    && (cell.columnIndex() % labelColumnStride) == 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/MaidenheadGridUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Utility methods for generating visible Maidenhead grid rectangles.
+ *
+ * Supported levels:
+ * - 2 characters (fields)
+ * - 4 characters (squares)
+ * - 6 characters (subsquares)
+ */
+public final class MaidenheadGridUtils {
+
+    private static final double EPSILON = 1e-9;
+
+    private MaidenheadGridUtils() {
+    }
+
+    public enum GridPrecision {
+        FIELD_2(2, 20.0, 10.0),
+        SQUARE_4(4, 2.0, 1.0),
+        SUBSQUARE_6(6, 5.0 / 60.0, 2.5 / 60.0);
+
+        private final int locatorLength;
+        private final double cellWidthDeg;
+        private final double cellHeightDeg;
+
+        GridPrecision(int locatorLength, double cellWidthDeg, double cellHeightDeg) {
+            this.locatorLength = locatorLength;
+            this.cellWidthDeg = cellWidthDeg;
+            this.cellHeightDeg = cellHeightDeg;
+        }
+
+        public int locatorLength() {
+            return locatorLength;
+        }
+
+        public double cellWidthDeg() {
+            return cellWidthDeg;
+        }
+
+        public double cellHeightDeg() {
+            return cellHeightDeg;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public record GridCell(
+            String locatorLabel,
+            double southLat,
+            double westLon,
+            double northLat,
+            double eastLon,
+            int rowIndex,
+            int columnIndex
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public static GridPrecision precisionForZoom(int leafletZoom) {
+        if (leafletZoom <= 5) {
+            return GridPrecision.FIELD_2;
+        }
+        if (leafletZoom <= 7) {
+            return GridPrecision.SQUARE_4;
+        }
+        return GridPrecision.SUBSQUARE_6;
+    }
+
+    public static List<GridCell> buildVisibleCells(double southLat,
+                                                   double westLon,
+                                                   double northLat,
+                                                   double eastLon,
+                                                   int leafletZoom) {
+        return buildVisibleCells(southLat, westLon, northLat, eastLon, precisionForZoom(leafletZoom));
+    }
+
+    public static List<GridCell> buildVisibleCells(double southLat,
+                                                   double westLon,
+                                                   double northLat,
+                                                   double eastLon,
+                                                   GridPrecision precision) {
+
+        if (westLon > eastLon) {
+            // Anti-meridian handling is not needed for Europe in this project stage.
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        double clampedSouth = clamp(southLat, -90.0 + EPSILON, 90.0 - EPSILON);
+        double clampedNorth = clamp(northLat, -90.0 + EPSILON, 90.0 - EPSILON);
+        double clampedWest = clamp(westLon, -180.0 + EPSILON, 180.0 - EPSILON);
+        double clampedEast = clamp(eastLon, -180.0 + EPSILON, 180.0 - EPSILON);
+
+        return switch (precision) {
+            case FIELD_2 -> build2CharFields(clampedSouth, clampedWest, clampedNorth, clampedEast);
+            case SQUARE_4 -> build4CharSquares(clampedSouth, clampedWest, clampedNorth, clampedEast);
+            case SUBSQUARE_6 -> build6CharSubsquares(clampedSouth, clampedWest, clampedNorth, clampedEast);
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static List<GridCell> build2CharFields(double southLat, double westLon, double northLat, double eastLon) {
+        List<GridCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int lonStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((westLon + 180.0) / 20.0), 0, 17);
+        int lonEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((eastLon + 180.0 - EPSILON) / 20.0), 0, 17);
+
+        int latStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((southLat + 90.0) / 10.0), 0, 17);
+        int latEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((northLat + 90.0 - EPSILON) / 10.0), 0, 17);
+
+        for (int lonIndex = lonStart; lonIndex <= lonEnd; lonIndex++) {
+            for (int latIndex = latStart; latIndex <= latEnd; latIndex++) {
+                double west = -180.0 + lonIndex * 20.0;
+                double east = west + 20.0;
+                double south = -90.0 + latIndex * 10.0;
+                double north = south + 10.0;
+
+                String label = "" + (char) ('A' + lonIndex) + (char) ('A' + latIndex);
+                cells.add(new GridCell(label, south, west, north, east, latIndex, lonIndex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return cells;
+    }
+
+    private static List<GridCell> build4CharSquares(double southLat, double westLon, double northLat, double eastLon) {
+        List<GridCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int lonStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((westLon + 180.0) / 2.0), 0, 179);
+        int lonEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((eastLon + 180.0 - EPSILON) / 2.0), 0, 179);
+
+        int latStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((southLat + 90.0) / 1.0), 0, 179);
+        int latEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((northLat + 90.0 - EPSILON) / 1.0), 0, 179);
+
+        for (int lonTotalIndex = lonStart; lonTotalIndex <= lonEnd; lonTotalIndex++) {
+            for (int latTotalIndex = latStart; latTotalIndex <= latEnd; latTotalIndex++) {
+
+                int lonFieldIndex = lonTotalIndex / 10;
+                int lonSquareIndex = lonTotalIndex % 10;
+
+                int latFieldIndex = latTotalIndex / 10;
+                int latSquareIndex = latTotalIndex % 10;
+
+                double west = -180.0 + lonTotalIndex * 2.0;
+                double east = west + 2.0;
+                double south = -90.0 + latTotalIndex;
+                double north = south + 1.0;
+
+                String label = String.format(
+                        Locale.ROOT,
+                        "%c%c%d%d",
+                        (char) ('A' + lonFieldIndex),
+                        (char) ('A' + latFieldIndex),
+                        lonSquareIndex,
+                        latSquareIndex
+                );
+
+                cells.add(new GridCell(label, south, west, north, east, latTotalIndex, lonTotalIndex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return cells;
+    }
+
+    private static List<GridCell> build6CharSubsquares(double southLat, double westLon, double northLat, double eastLon) {
+        List<GridCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        double lonStepDeg = 5.0 / 60.0;
+        double latStepDeg = 2.5 / 60.0;
+
+        int lonStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((westLon + 180.0) / lonStepDeg), 0, 4319);
+        int lonEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((eastLon + 180.0 - EPSILON) / lonStepDeg), 0, 4319);
+
+        int latStart = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((southLat + 90.0) / latStepDeg), 0, 4319);
+        int latEnd = clampIndex((int) Math.floor((northLat + 90.0 - EPSILON) / latStepDeg), 0, 4319);
+
+        for (int lonTotalIndex = lonStart; lonTotalIndex <= lonEnd; lonTotalIndex++) {
+            for (int latTotalIndex = latStart; latTotalIndex <= latEnd; latTotalIndex++) {
+
+                int lonFieldIndex = lonTotalIndex / 240;
+                int lonWithinField = lonTotalIndex % 240;
+                int lonSquareIndex = lonWithinField / 24;
+                int lonSubsquareIndex = lonWithinField % 24;
+
+                int latFieldIndex = latTotalIndex / 240;
+                int latWithinField = latTotalIndex % 240;
+                int latSquareIndex = latWithinField / 24;
+                int latSubsquareIndex = latWithinField % 24;
+
+                double west = -180.0 + lonTotalIndex * lonStepDeg;
+                double east = west + lonStepDeg;
+                double south = -90.0 + latTotalIndex * latStepDeg;
+                double north = south + latStepDeg;
+
+                String label = String.format(
+                        Locale.ROOT,
+                        "%c%c%d%d%c%c",
+                        (char) ('A' + lonFieldIndex),
+                        (char) ('A' + latFieldIndex),
+                        lonSquareIndex,
+                        latSquareIndex,
+                        (char) ('a' + lonSubsquareIndex),
+                        (char) ('a' + latSubsquareIndex)
+                );
+
+                cells.add(new GridCell(label, south, west, north, east, latTotalIndex, lonTotalIndex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return cells;
+    }
+
+    private static int clampIndex(int value, int min, int max) {
+        return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, value));
+    }
+
+    private static double clamp(double value, double min, double max) {
+        return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, value));
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/MapCallsignRawSnapshot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable map render model.
+ *
+ * One snapshot represents exactly one visible marker on the map,
+ * aggregated by callSignRaw.
+ */
+public record MapCallsignRawSnapshot(
+        String callSignRaw,
+        String displayCallSign,
+        String locator6,
+        double latitudeDeg,
+        double longitudeDeg,
+        String bandSummary,
+        Map<String, String> lastKnownFrequenciesByBand,
+        boolean warningToMyDirection,
+        boolean worked,
+        boolean selected,
+        double qrbKm,
+        double qtfDeg,
+        int reachableAirplanes,
+        long lastActivityEpochMs
+) {
+
+    public MapCallsignRawSnapshot {
+        callSignRaw = normalizeUpper(callSignRaw);
+        displayCallSign = (displayCallSign == null || displayCallSign.isBlank())
+                ? callSignRaw
+                : displayCallSign.trim();
+
+        locator6 = locator6 == null ? "" : locator6.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        bandSummary = bandSummary == null ? "" : bandSummary.trim();
+
+        LinkedHashMap<String, String> orderedFrequencies = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        if (lastKnownFrequenciesByBand != null) {
+            orderedFrequencies.putAll(lastKnownFrequenciesByBand);
+        }
+        lastKnownFrequenciesByBand = Collections.unmodifiableMap(orderedFrequencies);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsablePosition() {
+        return !locator6.isBlank()
+                && Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg);
+    }
+
+    public String markerLabel() {
+        return bandSummary.isBlank()
+                ? displayCallSign
+                : displayCallSign + " (" + bandSummary + ")";
+    }
+
+    public String detailFrequencyText() {
+        if (lastKnownFrequenciesByBand.isEmpty()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("\n");
+        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : lastKnownFrequenciesByBand.entrySet()) {
+            joiner.add(entry.getKey() + ": " + entry.getValue());
+        }
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/MapCallsignRawSnapshotBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.locatorUtils.Location;
+import kst4contest.model.AirPlaneReflectionInfo;
+import kst4contest.model.Band;
+import kst4contest.model.ChatMember;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Builds immutable map snapshots from the currently visible chat members.
+ *
+ * The aggregation key is callSignRaw because the map shall show exactly one marker
+ * per base callsign, even if the same station exists in multiple chat categories.
+ */
+public final class MapCallsignRawSnapshotBuilder {
+
+    public List<MapCallsignRawSnapshot> buildSnapshots(Collection<ChatMember> visibleChatMembers,
+                                                       ChatMember selectedChatMember) {
+
+        if (visibleChatMembers == null || visibleChatMembers.isEmpty()) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        String selectedCallsignRaw = normalizeCallsignRaw(
+                selectedChatMember == null ? null : selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw()
+        );
+
+        Map<String, List<ChatMember>> groupedByCallsignRaw = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        for (ChatMember chatMember : visibleChatMembers) {
+            if (chatMember == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String callSignRaw = normalizeCallsignRaw(chatMember.getCallSignRaw());
+            if (callSignRaw.isBlank()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            groupedByCallsignRaw
+                    .computeIfAbsent(callSignRaw, ignored -> new ArrayList<>())
+                    .add(chatMember);
+        }
+
+        List<MapCallsignRawSnapshot> snapshots = new ArrayList<>(groupedByCallsignRaw.size());
+
+        for (Map.Entry<String, List<ChatMember>> entry : groupedByCallsignRaw.entrySet()) {
+            String callSignRaw = entry.getKey();
+            List<ChatMember> variants = entry.getValue();
+
+            ChatMember representative = chooseRepresentative(variants);
+            if (representative == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String locator6 = findBestLocator6(variants);
+            if (locator6.isBlank()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Location location = new Location(locator6);
+
+            LinkedHashMap<String, String> frequenciesByBand = collectLastKnownFrequenciesByBand(variants);
+            String bandSummary = String.join(", ", frequenciesByBand.keySet());
+
+            boolean warningToMyDirection = variants.stream().anyMatch(ChatMember::isInAngleAndRange);
+            boolean worked = variants.stream().anyMatch(this::isWorkedAtAnyBand);
+            boolean selected = callSignRaw.equals(selectedCallsignRaw);
+
+            double qrbKm = representative.getQrb() != null ? representative.getQrb() : 0.0;
+            double qtfDeg = representative.getQTFdirection() != null ? representative.getQTFdirection() : 0.0;
+
+            int reachableAirplanes = variants.stream()
+                    .map(ChatMember::getAirPlaneReflectInfo)
+                    .mapToInt(this::extractReachableAirplanes)
+                    .max()
+                    .orElse(0);
+
+            snapshots.add(new MapCallsignRawSnapshot(
+                    callSignRaw,
+                    bestDisplayCallsign(variants, representative),
+                    locator6,
+                    location.getLatitude().toDegrees(),
+                    location.getLongitude().toDegrees(),
+                    bandSummary,
+                    frequenciesByBand,
+                    warningToMyDirection,
+                    worked,
+                    selected,
+                    qrbKm,
+                    qtfDeg,
+                    reachableAirplanes,
+                    representative.getActivityTimeLastInEpoch()
+            ));
+        }
+
+        snapshots.sort(Comparator.comparing(
+                MapCallsignRawSnapshot::displayCallSign,
+                String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
+        ));
+
+        return List.copyOf(snapshots);
+    }
+
+    private ChatMember chooseRepresentative(List<ChatMember> variants) {
+        return variants.stream()
+                .filter(chatMember -> chatMember != null && normalizeLocator6(chatMember.getQra()).length() == 6)
+                .max(Comparator.comparingLong(ChatMember::getActivityTimeLastInEpoch))
+                .orElseGet(() -> variants.stream()
+                        .filter(chatMember -> chatMember != null)
+                        .max(Comparator.comparingLong(ChatMember::getActivityTimeLastInEpoch))
+                        .orElse(null));
+    }
+
+    private String bestDisplayCallsign(List<ChatMember> variants, ChatMember representative) {
+        if (representative != null && representative.getCallSign() != null && !representative.getCallSign().isBlank()) {
+            return representative.getCallSign().trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        }
+
+        for (ChatMember variant : variants) {
+            if (variant != null && variant.getCallSign() != null && !variant.getCallSign().isBlank()) {
+                return variant.getCallSign().trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return representative == null ? "" : normalizeCallsignRaw(representative.getCallSignRaw());
+    }
+
+    private String findBestLocator6(List<ChatMember> variants) {
+        return variants.stream()
+                .sorted(Comparator.comparingLong(ChatMember::getActivityTimeLastInEpoch).reversed())
+                .map(ChatMember::getQra)
+                .map(this::normalizeLocator6)
+                .filter(locator -> locator.length() == 6)
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElse("");
+    }
+
+    private LinkedHashMap<String, String> collectLastKnownFrequenciesByBand(List<ChatMember> variants) {
+
+        Map<Band, FrequencyCandidate> latestByBand = new EnumMap<>(Band.class);
+
+        for (ChatMember variant : variants) {
+            if (variant == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (Map.Entry<Band, ChatMember.ActiveFrequencyInfo> bandEntry : variant.getKnownActiveBands().entrySet()) {
+                Band band = bandEntry.getKey();
+                ChatMember.ActiveFrequencyInfo activeFrequencyInfo = bandEntry.getValue();
+
+                if (band == null || activeFrequencyInfo == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                FrequencyCandidate previous = latestByBand.get(band);
+                if (previous == null || activeFrequencyInfo.timestampEpoch > previous.timestampEpochMs()) {
+                    latestByBand.put(band, new FrequencyCandidate(
+                            band,
+                            formatFrequency(activeFrequencyInfo.frequency),
+                            activeFrequencyInfo.timestampEpoch
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+
+            addFallbackCurrentFrequencyIfUseful(variant, latestByBand);
+        }
+
+        LinkedHashMap<String, String> ordered = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        latestByBand.entrySet().stream()
+                .sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey())
+                .forEach(entry -> ordered.put(toBandDisplayLabel(entry.getKey()), entry.getValue().formattedFrequency()));
+
+        return ordered;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fallback for stations where the current displayed QRG exists but the
+     * knownActiveBands history has not yet been filled.
+     *
+     * This parsing is intentionally tolerant so strings like "144.300 MHz"
+     * can still be used.
+     */
+    private void addFallbackCurrentFrequencyIfUseful(ChatMember variant, Map<Band, FrequencyCandidate> latestByBand) {
+        if (variant == null || variant.getFrequency() == null || variant.getFrequency().getValue() == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String rawFrequency = variant.getFrequency().getValue().trim();
+        if (rawFrequency.isBlank()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        double parsedFrequencyMHz = PathGeometryUtils.tryParseFrequencyMHz(rawFrequency);
+        if (!Double.isFinite(parsedFrequencyMHz) || parsedFrequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Band detectedBand = Band.fromFrequency(parsedFrequencyMHz);
+        if (detectedBand == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        FrequencyCandidate previous = latestByBand.get(detectedBand);
+        if (previous != null && previous.timestampEpochMs() >= variant.getActivityTimeLastInEpoch()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        latestByBand.put(detectedBand, new FrequencyCandidate(
+                detectedBand,
+                formatFrequency(parsedFrequencyMHz),
+                variant.getActivityTimeLastInEpoch()
+        ));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isWorkedAtAnyBand(ChatMember member) {
+        return member.isWorked()
+                || member.isWorked50()
+                || member.isWorked70()
+                || member.isWorked144()
+                || member.isWorked432()
+                || member.isWorked1240()
+                || member.isWorked2300()
+                || member.isWorked3400()
+                || member.isWorked5600()
+                || member.isWorked10G()
+                || member.isWorked24G()
+                || member.isWorked47G()
+                || member.isWorked76G();
+    }
+
+    private int extractReachableAirplanes(AirPlaneReflectionInfo airPlaneReflectionInfo) {
+        return airPlaneReflectionInfo == null ? 0 : airPlaneReflectionInfo.getAirPlanesReachableCntr();
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeCallsignRaw(String callSignRaw) {
+        if (callSignRaw == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return callSignRaw.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeLocator6(String locator) {
+        if (locator == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        String normalized = locator.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        if (normalized.length() >= 6) {
+            normalized = normalized.substring(0, 6);
+        }
+
+        if (!normalized.matches("^[A-R]{2}[0-9]{2}[A-X]{2}$")) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private String toBandDisplayLabel(Band band) {
+        return switch (band) {
+            case B_144 -> "144";
+            case B_432 -> "432";
+            case B_1296 -> "1296";
+            case B_2320 -> "2320";
+            case B_3400 -> "3400";
+            case B_5760 -> "5760";
+            case B_10G -> "10368";
+            case B_24G -> "24048";
+        };
+    }
+
+    private String formatFrequency(double frequencyMHz) {
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.3f", frequencyMHz);
+    }
+
+    private record FrequencyCandidate(Band band, String formattedFrequency, long timestampEpochMs) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/MapHtmlResources.java

@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * HTML host for the JavaFX WebView map.
+ *
+ * This version keeps DOM-based station markers, but exposes helper APIs so the
+ * JavaFX WebView can decide interactions directly:
+ * - inspectPoint(x,y) returns what is under the cursor
+ * - zoomIn()/zoomOut() are callable from Java
+ * - grid / beam / connection use non-interactive panes
+ * - JavaScript logs are forwarded to Java through javaMapBridge
+ * - setTheme(light|dark) aligns the map with the JavaFX application theme
+ */
+public final class MapHtmlResources {
+
+    private MapHtmlResources() {
+    }
+
+    public static String createStationMapHtml() {
+        return """
+                <!DOCTYPE html>
+                <html lang="en">
+                <head>
+                    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+                    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+                    <title>KST4Contest Station Map</title>
+                    <link rel="stylesheet"
+                          href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.9.4/dist/leaflet.css"
+                          integrity="sha256-p4NxAoJBhIIN+hmNHrzRCf9tD/miZyoHS5obTRR9BMY="
+                          crossorigin="">
+                    <style>
+                        :root {
+                            --map-background: #ede9df;
+                            --station-label-bg: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0.95);
+                            --station-label-color: #1c1c1c;
+                            --station-label-border: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.20);
+                            --grid-label-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
+                            --grid-label-color: rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.38);
+                            --control-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
+                            --control-fg: #242424;
+                            --control-border: #b7b7b7;
+                            --attribution-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
+                            --attribution-fg: #2d2d2d;
+                            --attribution-link: #145fa3;
+                        }
+
+                        body.kst-theme-dark {
+                            --map-background: #23282d;
+                            --station-label-bg: rgba(36, 40, 45, 0.96);
+                            --station-label-color: #f1f3f5;
+                            --station-label-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
+                            --grid-label-bg: rgba(34, 38, 43, 0.20);
+                            --grid-label-color: rgba(235, 240, 245, 0.42);
+                            --control-bg: rgba(55, 62, 67, 0.96);
+                            --control-fg: #e2e6ea;
+                            --control-border: #556068;
+                            --attribution-bg: rgba(34, 38, 43, 0.86);
+                            --attribution-fg: #d2d8dd;
+                            --attribution-link: #88c7ff;
+                        }
+
+                        html, body, #map {
+                            width: 100%;
+                            height: 100%;
+                            margin: 0;
+                            padding: 0;
+                            overflow: hidden;
+                            background: var(--map-background);
+                            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+                        }
+
+                        .leaflet-container {
+                            background: var(--map-background);
+                        }
+
+                        body.kst-theme-dark .leaflet-tile-pane {
+                            opacity: 0.82;
+                        }
+
+                        .leaflet-bar {
+                            border: 1px solid var(--control-border);
+                            box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
+                        }
+
+                        .leaflet-bar a,
+                        .leaflet-bar a:hover {
+                            background: var(--control-bg);
+                            color: var(--control-fg);
+                            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--control-border);
+                        }
+
+                        .leaflet-control-attribution {
+                            background: var(--attribution-bg);
+                            color: var(--attribution-fg);
+                        }
+
+                        .leaflet-control-attribution a {
+                            color: var(--attribution-link);
+                        }
+
+                        .station-marker-wrapper {
+                            background: transparent;
+                            border: none;
+                            box-shadow: none;
+                        }
+
+                        .station-marker-root {
+                            position: relative;
+                            width: 1px;
+                            height: 1px;
+                            pointer-events: auto;
+                            cursor: pointer;
+                            user-select: none;
+                        }
+
+                        .station-dot {
+                            position: absolute;
+                            left: -6px;
+                            top: -6px;
+                            width: 12px;
+                            height: 12px;
+                            border-radius: 50%;
+                            background: #1d1d1d;
+                            box-sizing: border-box;
+                            border: 2px solid #4da6ff;
+                            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
+                        }
+
+                        .station-dot.worked {
+                            border-color: #ffd24d;
+                        }
+
+                        .station-dot.warning {
+                            border-color: #00ff66;
+                        }
+
+                        .station-dot.selected {
+                            left: -8px;
+                            top: -8px;
+                            width: 16px;
+                            height: 16px;
+                            border-width: 3px;
+                            border-color: #ff9900;
+                        }
+
+                        .station-label {
+                            position: absolute;
+                            left: 10px;
+                            top: -22px;
+                            display: inline-block;
+                            background: var(--station-label-bg);
+                            color: var(--station-label-color);
+                            border: 1px solid var(--station-label-border);
+                            border-radius: 5px;
+                            padding: 2px 5px;
+                            font-size: 12px;
+                            font-weight: 700;
+                            line-height: 1.1;
+                            white-space: nowrap;
+                            box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
+                        }
+
+                        .station-label.warning {
+                            color: #00ff66;
+                            border-color: rgba(0, 255, 102, 0.75);
+                            font-weight: 800;
+                        }
+
+                        .maidenhead-grid-label-wrapper {
+                            background: transparent;
+                            border: none;
+                            box-shadow: none;
+                            pointer-events: none;
+                        }
+
+                        .maidenhead-grid-label-wrapper .maidenhead-grid-label {
+                            transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+                        }
+
+                        .maidenhead-grid-label {
+                            display: inline-block;
+                            background: var(--grid-label-bg);
+                            #color: var(--grid-label-color);
+                            color: #63067a;
+                            border-radius: 3px;
+                            padding: 0 3px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                            text-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
+                            white-space: nowrap;
+                            user-select: none;
+                            pointer-events: none;
+                        }
+                        
+                    </style>
+                </head>
+                <body class="kst-theme-light">
+                <div id="map"></div>
+
+                <script src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.9.4/dist/leaflet.js"
+                        integrity="sha256-20nQCchB9co0qIjJZRGuk2/Z9VM+kNiyxNV1lvTlZBo="
+                        crossorigin=""></script>
+
+                <script>
+                
+                
+                
+                    window.kstMapApi = (function () {
+                        let map;
+                        let stationLayer;
+                        let gridLayer;
+                        let beamLayer;
+                        let connectionLayer;
+                        let profileHoverMarker;
+                        let markersByCallsignRaw = {};
+                        let activeTheme = 'light';
+                        let invalidateNotifyTimer = 0;
+
+                        function jsLog(message) {
+                            try {
+                                if (window.javaMapBridge) {
+                                    window.javaMapBridge.onJsLog(String(message));
+                                }
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                console.log('[KST map fallback log]', message, e);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function jsError(message) {
+                            try {
+                                if (window.javaMapBridge) {
+                                    window.javaMapBridge.onJsError(String(message));
+                                }
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                console.error('[KST map fallback error]', message);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function escapeHtml(value) {
+                            if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+                                return '';
+                            }
+
+                            return String(value)
+                                .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+                                .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+                                .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+                                .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
+                                .replace(/'/g, '&#39;');
+                        }
+
+                        function notifyMapReady() {
+                            try {
+                                if (window.javaMapBridge) {
+                                    window.javaMapBridge.onMapReady();
+                                }
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                jsError('notifyMapReady failed: ' + e);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function notifyViewport() {
+                            if (!map) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            try {
+                                if (!window.javaMapBridge) {
+                                    jsError('notifyViewport skipped: no javaMapBridge');
+                                    return;
+                                }
+
+                                const bounds = map.getBounds();
+                                const zoom = map.getZoom();
+
+                                jsLog('notifyViewport south=' + bounds.getSouth()
+                                        + ' west=' + bounds.getWest()
+                                        + ' north=' + bounds.getNorth()
+                                        + ' east=' + bounds.getEast()
+                                        + ' zoom=' + zoom);
+
+                                window.javaMapBridge.onViewportChanged(
+                                    bounds.getSouth(),
+                                    bounds.getWest(),
+                                    bounds.getNorth(),
+                                    bounds.getEast(),
+                                    zoom
+                                );
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                jsError('notifyViewport failed: ' + e);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function gridLineColor() {
+                            return activeTheme === 'dark' ? '#e1e7ec' : '#46586c';
+                        }
+
+                        function gridLineOpacity() {
+                            return activeTheme === 'dark' ? 0.48 : 0.56;
+                        }
+
+                        function connectionColor() {
+                            return activeTheme === 'dark' ? '#2fd7ff' : '#00a4cf';
+                        }
+
+                        function applyThemeClass() {
+                            document.body.classList.remove('kst-theme-light', 'kst-theme-dark');
+                            document.body.classList.add(activeTheme === 'dark' ? 'kst-theme-dark' : 'kst-theme-light');
+                        }
+
+                        function setTheme(themeName) {
+                            activeTheme = themeName === 'dark' ? 'dark' : 'light';
+                            applyThemeClass();
+                            jsLog('setTheme ' + activeTheme);
+                        }
+
+                        function buildStationMarkerHtml(station) {
+                            let dotClasses = 'station-dot';
+                            if (station.selected) {
+                                dotClasses += ' selected';
+                            } else if (station.warningToMyDirection) {
+                                dotClasses += ' warning';
+                            } else if (station.worked) {
+                                dotClasses += ' worked';
+                            }
+
+                            let labelClasses = 'station-label';
+                            if (station.warningToMyDirection) {
+                                labelClasses += ' warning';
+                            }
+
+                            return '<div class="station-marker-root" data-callsignraw="' + escapeHtml(station.callSignRaw) + '">' 
+                                + '<div class="' + dotClasses + '"></div>'
+                                + '<div class="' + labelClasses + '">' + escapeHtml(station.markerLabel) + '</div>'
+                                + '</div>';
+                        }
+
+                        function init() {
+                            if (map) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            applyThemeClass();
+
+                            map = L.map('map', {
+                                zoomControl: true
+                            }).setView([51.0, 10.0], 6);
+
+                            jsLog('Leaflet map initialized');
+
+                            L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
+                                maxZoom: 18,
+                                attribution: '&copy; OpenStreetMap'
+                            }).addTo(map);
+
+                            map.createPane('beamPane');
+                            map.getPane('beamPane').style.zIndex = 410;
+                            map.getPane('beamPane').style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+
+                            map.createPane('gridPane');
+                            map.getPane('gridPane').style.zIndex = 420;
+                            map.getPane('gridPane').style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+
+                            map.createPane('gridLabelPane');
+                            map.getPane('gridLabelPane').style.zIndex = 430;
+                            map.getPane('gridLabelPane').style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+
+                            map.createPane('connectionPane');
+                            map.getPane('connectionPane').style.zIndex = 440;
+                            map.getPane('connectionPane').style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+
+                            stationLayer = L.layerGroup().addTo(map);
+                            gridLayer = L.layerGroup().addTo(map);
+                            beamLayer = L.layerGroup().addTo(map);
+                            connectionLayer = L.layerGroup().addTo(map);
+
+                            map.on('zoomend', function () {
+                                jsLog('zoomend -> ' + map.getZoom());
+                                notifyViewport();
+                            });
+
+                            map.on('moveend', function () {
+                                jsLog('moveend');
+                                notifyViewport();
+                            });
+
+                            notifyMapReady();
+                            notifyViewport();
+                        }
+
+                        function invalidateSize() {
+                             if (!map) {
+                                 return;
+                             }
+                
+                             jsLog('invalidateSize');
+                
+                             map.invalidateSize(false);
+                
+                             if (invalidateNotifyTimer) {
+                                 window.clearTimeout(invalidateNotifyTimer);
+                             }
+                
+                             invalidateNotifyTimer = window.setTimeout(function () {
+                                 notifyViewport();
+                             }, 120);
+                         }
+
+                        function zoomIn() {
+                            if (!map) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            map.setZoom(map.getZoom() + 1, { animate: false });
+                        }
+
+                        function zoomOut() {
+                            if (!map) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            map.setZoom(map.getZoom() - 1, { animate: false });
+                        }
+
+                        function getViewportState() {
+                            if (!map) {
+                                return '';
+                            }
+
+                            const bounds = map.getBounds();
+                            const zoom = map.getZoom();
+
+                            return [
+                                bounds.getSouth(),
+                                bounds.getWest(),
+                                bounds.getNorth(),
+                                bounds.getEast(),
+                                zoom
+                            ].join('|');
+                        }
+
+                        function inspectPoint(x, y) {
+                            try {
+                                const el = document.elementFromPoint(x, y);
+                                if (!el) {
+                                    return 'none||||';
+                                }
+
+                                const stationRoot = el.closest('.station-marker-root');
+                                if (stationRoot) {
+                                    const callSignRaw = stationRoot.getAttribute('data-callsignraw') || '';
+                                    return 'station|' + callSignRaw + '|' + el.tagName + '|' + (el.className || '') + '|' + (el.textContent || '').trim();
+                                }
+
+                                const zoomInButton = el.closest('.leaflet-control-zoom-in');
+                                if (zoomInButton) {
+                                    return 'zoomIn||' + el.tagName + '|' + (el.className || '') + '|' + (el.textContent || '').trim();
+                                }
+
+                                const zoomOutButton = el.closest('.leaflet-control-zoom-out');
+                                if (zoomOutButton) {
+                                    return 'zoomOut||' + el.tagName + '|' + (el.className || '') + '|' + (el.textContent || '').trim();
+                                }
+
+                                return 'none||' + el.tagName + '|' + (el.className || '') + '|' + (el.textContent || '').trim();
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                return 'error||ERROR|' + e + '|';
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function setHome(lat, lon, zoom) {
+                            init();
+                            jsLog('setHome lat=' + lat + ' lon=' + lon + ' zoom=' + zoom);
+                            map.setView([lat, lon], zoom);
+                        }
+
+                        function setStations(stationsJson) {
+                            init();
+
+                            stationLayer.clearLayers();
+                            markersByCallsignRaw = {};
+
+                            const stations = JSON.parse(stationsJson);
+                            jsLog('setStations count=' + stations.length);
+
+                            stations.forEach(station => {
+                                const marker = L.marker(
+                                    [station.latitudeDeg, station.longitudeDeg],
+                                    {
+                                        interactive: true,
+                                        keyboard: false,
+                                        icon: L.divIcon({
+                                            className: 'station-marker-wrapper',
+                                            html: buildStationMarkerHtml(station),
+                                            iconSize: [1, 1],
+                                            iconAnchor: [0, 0]
+                                        })
+                                    }
+                                );
+
+                                marker.addTo(stationLayer);
+                                markersByCallsignRaw[station.callSignRaw] = marker;
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        function setBeam(beamJson) {
+                            init();
+                            beamLayer.clearLayers();
+
+                            if (!beamJson || beamJson === 'null') {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            const points = JSON.parse(beamJson);
+                            if (!points || points.length < 3) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            jsLog('setBeam points=' + points.length);
+
+                            const latLngs = points.map(point => [point.lat, point.lon]);
+
+                            L.polygon(latLngs, {
+                                pane: 'beamPane',
+                                color: '#ff4d4d',
+                                weight: 2,
+                                fillColor: '#ff4d4d',
+                                fillOpacity: 0.12,
+                                interactive: false
+                            }).addTo(beamLayer);
+                        }
+
+                        function setConnection(connectionJson) {
+                            init();
+                            connectionLayer.clearLayers();
+
+                            if (!connectionJson || connectionJson === 'null') {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            const points = JSON.parse(connectionJson);
+                            if (!points || points.length !== 2) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+
+                            jsLog('setConnection');
+
+                            L.polyline(points.map(point => [point.lat, point.lon]), {
+                                pane: 'connectionPane',
+                                color: connectionColor(),
+                                weight: 2,
+                                dashArray: '6,6',
+                                opacity: 0.85,
+                                interactive: false
+                            }).addTo(connectionLayer);
+                        }
+                        
+                        function setProfileHoverPoint(point) {
+                            init();
+                
+                            if (profileHoverMarker) {
+                                map.removeLayer(profileHoverMarker);
+                                profileHoverMarker = null;
+                            }
+                
+                            if (!point || !isFinite(point.lat) || !isFinite(point.lon)) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                
+                            profileHoverMarker = L.circleMarker([point.lat, point.lon], {
+                                radius: 6,
+                                color: '#ffcc00',
+                                weight: 2,
+                                fillColor: '#ffcc00',
+                                fillOpacity: 0.85,
+                                interactive: false
+                            }).addTo(map);
+                
+                            if (point.label) {
+                                profileHoverMarker.bindTooltip(point.label, {
+                                    permanent: false,
+                                    direction: 'top'
+                                }).openTooltip();
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        function setGrid(gridJson) {
+                            init();
+                            gridLayer.clearLayers();
+
+                            const cells = JSON.parse(gridJson);
+                            jsLog('setGrid cells=' + cells.length);
+
+                            cells.forEach(cell => {
+                                const rectangle = L.rectangle(
+                                    [
+                                        [cell.southLat, cell.westLon],
+                                        [cell.northLat, cell.eastLon]
+                                    ],
+                                    {
+                                        pane: 'gridPane',
+                                        color: gridLineColor(),
+                                        opacity: gridLineOpacity(),
+                                        weight: 1.4,
+                                        fillOpacity: 0.0,
+                                        interactive: false
+                                    }
+                                );
+
+                                rectangle.addTo(gridLayer);
+
+                                if (cell.showLabel) {
+                                    const centerLat = (cell.southLat + cell.northLat) / 2.0;
+                                    const centerLon = (cell.westLon + cell.eastLon) / 2.0;
+                                    const labelFontPx = cell.labelFontPx || 12;
+
+                                    L.marker([centerLat, centerLon], {
+                                        pane: 'gridLabelPane',
+                                        interactive: false,
+                                        keyboard: false,
+                                        icon: L.divIcon({
+                                            className: 'maidenhead-grid-label-wrapper',
+                                            html: '<div class="maidenhead-grid-label" style="font-size:' + labelFontPx + 'px;">' + escapeHtml(cell.locatorLabel) + '</div>',
+                                            iconSize: [1, 1],
+                                            iconAnchor: [0, 0]
+                                        })
+                                    }).addTo(gridLayer);
+                                }
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        function focusCallsignRaw(callSignRaw) {
+                             if (!map || !callSignRaw) {
+                                 return;
+                             }
+                
+                             const marker = markersByCallsignRaw[callSignRaw];
+                             if (!marker) {
+                                 jsLog('focusCallsignRaw skipped for ' + callSignRaw);
+                                 return;
+                             }
+                
+                             jsLog('focusCallsignRaw ' + callSignRaw);
+                
+                             map.panTo(marker.getLatLng(), {
+                                 animate: false
+                             });
+                
+                             notifyViewport();
+                         }
+                         
+                         
+
+                        return {
+                              init: init,
+                              invalidateSize: invalidateSize,
+                              zoomIn: zoomIn,
+                              zoomOut: zoomOut,
+                              inspectPoint: inspectPoint,
+                              getViewportState: getViewportState,
+                              setHome: setHome,
+                              setStations: setStations,
+                              setBeam: setBeam,
+                              setConnection: setConnection,
+                              setProfileHoverPoint: setProfileHoverPoint,
+                              setGrid: setGrid,
+                              focusCallsignRaw: focusCallsignRaw,
+                              setTheme: setTheme
+                          };
+                    })();
+                </script>
+                </body>
+                </html>
+                """;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/NoOpTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * Placeholder terrain provider.
+ */
+public final class NoOpTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        return TerrainProfileData.empty("No terrain provider");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/OfflineDemImportService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.ApplicationConstants;
+import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Small helper service for preparing and filling the local offline DEM directory.
+ *
+ * <p>This is intentionally the first practical step before adding a real network
+ * downloader:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>create a known default Copernicus DEM root directory below .praktiKST</li>
+ *     <li>copy manually selected local *_DEM.tif files into that directory</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The active terrain provider already scans the configured root directory
+ * recursively. Therefore it is sufficient to import valid Copernicus DGED
+ * GeoTIFF files into one dedicated folder tree.</p>
+ */
+public final class OfflineDemImportService {
+
+    /**
+     * Default relative DEM directory below the application's hidden home folder.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_RELATIVE_COPERNICUS_ROOT_DIRECTORY = "dem/copernicus_glo30";
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the default local Copernicus DEM root directory below .praktiKST.
+     *
+     * @return default DEM root directory path
+     */
+    public Path resolveDefaultCopernicusRootDirectory() {
+        return Path.of(
+                ApplicationFileUtils.getFilePath(
+                        ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                        DEFAULT_RELATIVE_COPERNICUS_ROOT_DIRECTORY
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that the default local Copernicus DEM root directory exists.
+     *
+     * @return preparation result including the effective target directory
+     */
+    public ImportResult ensureDefaultCopernicusRootDirectory() {
+        Path targetRootDirectory = resolveDefaultCopernicusRootDirectory();
+        return ensureTargetDirectoryExists(targetRootDirectory);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports manually selected Copernicus DGED GeoTIFF tiles into the configured
+     * DEM root directory.
+     *
+     * <p>If the configured DEM root directory is blank, the default directory
+     * below .praktiKST is used automatically.</p>
+     *
+     * @param selectedFiles selected local files from the file chooser
+     * @param configuredDemRootDirectory current configured DEM root directory text
+     * @return import result with counts and a user-friendly summary message
+     */
+    public ImportResult importTiles(List<File> selectedFiles, String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+        Path targetRootDirectory = resolveEffectiveTargetRootDirectory(configuredDemRootDirectory);
+
+        ImportResult directoryPreparationResult = ensureTargetDirectoryExists(targetRootDirectory);
+        if (!directoryPreparationResult.success()) {
+            return directoryPreparationResult;
+        }
+
+        if (selectedFiles == null || selectedFiles.isEmpty()) {
+            return new ImportResult(
+                    targetRootDirectory,
+                    true,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    List.of(),
+                    "No files were selected for import."
+            );
+        }
+
+        int importedFileCount = 0;
+        int skippedFileCount = 0;
+        List<String> skippedFilenames = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (File selectedFile : selectedFiles) {
+            if (selectedFile == null || !selectedFile.isFile() || !selectedFile.canRead()) {
+                skippedFileCount++;
+                skippedFilenames.add(selectedFile == null ? "<null>" : selectedFile.getName());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!OfflineDemManager.isSupportedCopernicusGlo30DemFilename(selectedFile.getName())) {
+                skippedFileCount++;
+                skippedFilenames.add(selectedFile.getName());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                Files.copy(
+                        selectedFile.toPath(),
+                        targetRootDirectory.resolve(selectedFile.getName()),
+                        StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING
+                );
+                importedFileCount++;
+            } catch (Exception exception) {
+                skippedFileCount++;
+                skippedFilenames.add(selectedFile.getName());
+            }
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
+        message.append(String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "Imported %d DEM tile(s) into:%n%s",
+                importedFileCount,
+                targetRootDirectory.toAbsolutePath()
+        ));
+
+        if (skippedFileCount > 0) {
+            message.append(String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "%n%nSkipped %d file(s) because they were unreadable or did not match the supported Copernicus *_DEM.tif naming scheme.",
+                    skippedFileCount
+            ));
+
+            int previewCount = Math.min(8, skippedFilenames.size());
+            if (previewCount > 0) {
+                message.append(String.format(Locale.US, "%n%nSkipped examples:%n"));
+                for (int i = 0; i < previewCount; i++) {
+                    message.append("- ").append(skippedFilenames.get(i)).append(System.lineSeparator());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new ImportResult(
+                targetRootDirectory,
+                true,
+                importedFileCount,
+                skippedFileCount,
+                List.copyOf(skippedFilenames),
+                message.toString().trim()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private Path resolveEffectiveTargetRootDirectory(String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+        if (configuredDemRootDirectory == null || configuredDemRootDirectory.isBlank()) {
+            return resolveDefaultCopernicusRootDirectory();
+        }
+
+        return Path.of(configuredDemRootDirectory.trim());
+    }
+
+    private ImportResult ensureTargetDirectoryExists(Path targetRootDirectory) {
+        if (targetRootDirectory == null) {
+            return new ImportResult(
+                    null,
+                    false,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    List.of(),
+                    "DEM target directory is undefined."
+            );
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if (Files.exists(targetRootDirectory) && !Files.isDirectory(targetRootDirectory)) {
+                return new ImportResult(
+                        targetRootDirectory,
+                        false,
+                        0,
+                        0,
+                        List.of(),
+                        "Configured DEM root path exists but is not a directory:\n"
+                                + targetRootDirectory.toAbsolutePath()
+                );
+            }
+
+            Files.createDirectories(targetRootDirectory);
+
+            return new ImportResult(
+                    targetRootDirectory,
+                    true,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    List.of(),
+                    "Using local Copernicus DEM directory:\n"
+                            + targetRootDirectory.toAbsolutePath()
+                            + "\n\nYou can now import extracted Copernicus *_DEM.tif tiles into this folder."
+            );
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return new ImportResult(
+                    targetRootDirectory,
+                    false,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    List.of(),
+                    "Could not create DEM root directory:\n"
+                            + targetRootDirectory.toAbsolutePath()
+                            + "\n\nReason: "
+                            + exception.getMessage()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Immutable result of a DEM directory preparation or tile import action.
+     *
+     * @param targetRootDirectory effective DEM root directory
+     * @param success true if the action succeeded
+     * @param importedFileCount number of imported files
+     * @param skippedFileCount number of skipped files
+     * @param skippedFilenames skipped filenames for diagnostics
+     * @param message user-friendly summary message
+     */
+    public record ImportResult(
+            Path targetRootDirectory,
+            boolean success,
+            int importedFileCount,
+            int skippedFileCount,
+            List<String> skippedFilenames,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/OfflineDemManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Small manager for offline DEM discovery and indexing.
+ *
+ * This class intentionally supports both intermediate API shapes that appeared
+ * during development:
+ *
+ * - old style:
+ *   inspect(...) -> OfflineDemStatus
+ *
+ * - new style:
+ *   inspectAndIndex(...) -> OfflineDemIndex
+ *
+ * This keeps the current codebase compilable even if older helper/provider
+ * classes are still present in the source tree.
+ */
+public final class OfflineDemManager {
+
+    /**
+     * Matches official DGED DEM filenames like:
+     * Copernicus_DSM_10_N50_00_E020_00_DEM.tif
+     */
+    private static final Pattern COPERNICUS_GLO_30_DEM_FILE_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile("(?i)^Copernicus_[A-Z]{3}_10_([NS])(\\d{2})_(\\d{2})_([EW])(\\d{3})_(\\d{2})_DEM\\.tif$");
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the filename matches the currently supported Copernicus
+     * GLO-30 DGED GeoTIFF tile naming scheme.
+     *
+     * <p>This helper is intentionally public so that UI/import helpers can
+     * validate manually selected files before copying them into the DEM root.</p>
+     *
+     * @param filename candidate filename
+     * @return true if the filename looks like a supported local DEM tile
+     */
+    public static boolean isSupportedCopernicusGlo30DemFilename(String filename) {
+        return filename != null
+                && COPERNICUS_GLO_30_DEM_FILE_PATTERN.matcher(filename).matches();
+    }
+
+    private String lastIndexedRootDirectory = null;
+    private DemDataset lastIndexedDataset = null;
+    private OfflineDemIndex lastIndex = OfflineDemIndex.empty("Offline DEM root directory is not configured.");
+
+    /**
+     * Newer API used by the active Copernicus provider.
+     */
+    public synchronized OfflineDemIndex inspectAndIndex(String demRootDirectory, DemDataset dataset) {
+        DemDataset effectiveDataset = dataset == null ? DemDataset.COPERNICUS_GLO_30 : dataset;
+
+        if (demRootDirectory == null || demRootDirectory.isBlank()) {
+            lastIndexedRootDirectory = demRootDirectory;
+            lastIndexedDataset = effectiveDataset;
+            lastIndex = OfflineDemIndex.empty("Offline DEM root directory is not configured.");
+            return lastIndex;
+        }
+
+        String normalizedRootDirectory = demRootDirectory.trim();
+
+        if (normalizedRootDirectory.equals(lastIndexedRootDirectory) && effectiveDataset == lastIndexedDataset) {
+            return lastIndex;
+        }
+
+        lastIndexedRootDirectory = normalizedRootDirectory;
+        lastIndexedDataset = effectiveDataset;
+        lastIndex = buildIndex(normalizedRootDirectory, effectiveDataset);
+
+        return lastIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Older compatibility API still referenced by older intermediate provider code.
+     */
+    public synchronized OfflineDemStatus inspect(String demRootDirectory, DemDataset dataset) {
+        OfflineDemIndex index = inspectAndIndex(demRootDirectory, dataset);
+
+        return new OfflineDemStatus(
+                index.dataset(),
+                index.rootDirectory(),
+                demRootDirectory != null && !demRootDirectory.isBlank(),
+                index.usable(),
+                index.message()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private OfflineDemIndex buildIndex(String demRootDirectory, DemDataset dataset) {
+        Path rootPath = Paths.get(demRootDirectory);
+
+        if (!Files.exists(rootPath)) {
+            return OfflineDemIndex.empty("Configured DEM root directory does not exist.");
+        }
+
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(rootPath)) {
+            return OfflineDemIndex.empty("Configured DEM root path is not a directory.");
+        }
+
+        if (!Files.isReadable(rootPath)) {
+            return OfflineDemIndex.empty("Configured DEM root directory is not readable.");
+        }
+
+        Map<String, Path> tilePathByGeocellKey = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        try (var pathStream = Files.walk(rootPath)) {
+            pathStream
+                    .filter(Files::isRegularFile)
+                    .forEach(path -> tryRegisterTile(path, tilePathByGeocellKey));
+        } catch (IOException exception) {
+            return OfflineDemIndex.empty("Scanning DEM root directory failed: " + exception.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        if (tilePathByGeocellKey.isEmpty()) {
+            return new OfflineDemIndex(
+                    dataset,
+                    rootPath.toAbsolutePath().toString(),
+                    false,
+                    Collections.emptyMap(),
+                    "No local Copernicus GLO-30 DEM tiles were found below the configured root directory."
+            );
+        }
+
+        return new OfflineDemIndex(
+                dataset,
+                rootPath.toAbsolutePath().toString(),
+                true,
+                Map.copyOf(tilePathByGeocellKey),
+                "Found " + tilePathByGeocellKey.size() + " local Copernicus GLO-30 DEM tiles."
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void tryRegisterTile(Path path, Map<String, Path> tilePathByGeocellKey) {
+        String filename = path.getFileName().toString();
+        Matcher matcher = COPERNICUS_GLO_30_DEM_FILE_PATTERN.matcher(filename);
+
+        if (!matcher.matches()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int southDeg = signedDegrees(matcher.group(1), matcher.group(2), matcher.group(3));
+        int westDeg = signedDegrees(matcher.group(4), matcher.group(5), matcher.group(6));
+
+        tilePathByGeocellKey.put(toGeocellKey(southDeg, westDeg), path.toAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    private int signedDegrees(String hemisphereOrDirection, String integerPart, String decimalPart) {
+        int sign = ("S".equalsIgnoreCase(hemisphereOrDirection) || "W".equalsIgnoreCase(hemisphereOrDirection)) ? -1 : 1;
+        int degrees = Integer.parseInt(integerPart);
+
+        if (!"00".equals(decimalPart)) {
+            // The current reader expects whole-degree LL-corner geocells.
+            return sign * degrees;
+        }
+
+        return sign * degrees;
+    }
+
+    private String toGeocellKey(int southDeg, int westDeg) {
+        return southDeg + ":" + westDeg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Newer indexed offline DEM state used by the active Copernicus provider.
+     */
+    public record OfflineDemIndex(
+            DemDataset dataset,
+            String rootDirectory,
+            boolean usable,
+            Map<String, Path> tilePathByGeocellKey,
+            String message
+    ) {
+
+        public static OfflineDemIndex empty(String message) {
+            return new OfflineDemIndex(
+                    DemDataset.COPERNICUS_GLO_30,
+                    "",
+                    false,
+                    Collections.emptyMap(),
+                    message
+            );
+        }
+
+        public Path findTilePath(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+            int southDeg = (int) Math.floor(latitudeDeg);
+            int westDeg = (int) Math.floor(longitudeDeg);
+            return tilePathByGeocellKey.get(southDeg + ":" + westDeg);
+        }
+
+        public int availableTileCount() {
+            return tilePathByGeocellKey.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Older compatibility status shape still referenced by older intermediate code.
+     */
+    public record OfflineDemStatus(
+            DemDataset dataset,
+            String demRootDirectory,
+            boolean configured,
+            boolean usableRootDirectory,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/OfflineDemTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Compatibility offline-first provider.
+ *
+ * This class is currently not part of the active StationMap pipeline anymore,
+ * but it is kept compilable so the source tree stays consistent while the
+ * Copernicus provider is the primary offline implementation.
+ */
+public final class OfflineDemTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    private final Supplier<String> demRootDirectorySupplier;
+    private final Supplier<DemDataset> datasetSupplier;
+    private final OfflineDemManager offlineDemManager;
+
+    public OfflineDemTerrainProfileProvider(Supplier<String> demRootDirectorySupplier,
+                                            Supplier<DemDataset> datasetSupplier,
+                                            OfflineDemManager offlineDemManager) {
+        this.demRootDirectorySupplier = Objects.requireNonNull(demRootDirectorySupplier, "demRootDirectorySupplier");
+        this.datasetSupplier = Objects.requireNonNull(datasetSupplier, "datasetSupplier");
+        this.offlineDemManager = Objects.requireNonNull(offlineDemManager, "offlineDemManager");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        DemDataset dataset = datasetSupplier.get();
+        if (dataset == null) {
+            dataset = DemDataset.COPERNICUS_GLO_30;
+        }
+
+        OfflineDemManager.OfflineDemIndex index =
+                offlineDemManager.inspectAndIndex(demRootDirectorySupplier.get(), dataset);
+
+        if (!index.usable()) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(dataset.displayName() + " offline DEM unavailable");
+        }
+
+        return TerrainProfileData.empty(dataset.displayName() + " offline DEM indexed but not used by this compatibility provider");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/OpenMeteoTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Terrain provider using the Open-Meteo Elevation API.
+ *
+ * <p>Important API constraint: Open-Meteo accepts up to 100 coordinate pairs per
+ * elevation request. Earlier KST4Contest profile calculations could ask for up
+ * to 1201 samples, which forced many HTTP requests for one visible profile. This
+ * provider intentionally clamps the online profile to one API request. The
+ * offline Copernicus path can later keep using the denser local sample count.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The provider keeps a small in-memory cache for the running session. This is
+ * deliberately local and lightweight: it avoids repeated API calls when the user
+ * re-selects the same station, but it does not replace the existing long-term
+ * offline DEM/download architecture.</p>
+ */
+public final class OpenMeteoTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    private static final String SOURCE_NAME = "Open-Meteo Copernicus GLO-90";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/elevation";
+
+    /**
+     * Open-Meteo elevation requests accept up to 100 coordinate pairs. Keeping the
+     * online provider at exactly one request per path makes limit behavior
+     * predictable and avoids request bursts while clicking through stations.
+     */
+    private static final int MAX_COORDINATES_PER_REQUEST = 100;
+    private static final int MAX_ONLINE_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT = MAX_COORDINATES_PER_REQUEST;
+    private static final int MIN_ONLINE_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT = 2;
+
+    private static final int MAX_CACHED_PROFILES = 256;
+
+    /**
+     * The free tier allows many more calls per minute, but this soft limiter keeps
+     * accidental click/refresh bursts polite and easier to diagnose.
+     */
+    private static final Duration MINIMUM_REQUEST_INTERVAL = Duration.ofMillis(250);
+
+    private static final Pattern ELEVATION_ARRAY_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile("\\\"elevation\\\"\\s*:\\s*\\[(.*?)]", Pattern.DOTALL);
+
+    private static final Pattern ERROR_REASON_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile("\\\"reason\\\"\\s*:\\s*\\\"(.*?)\\\"", Pattern.DOTALL);
+
+    private final HttpClient httpClient;
+    private final Duration requestTimeout;
+    private final String baseUrl;
+
+    private final Map<RequestCacheKey, TerrainProfileData> profileCache =
+            new LinkedHashMap<>(32, 0.75f, true) {
+                @Override
+                protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<RequestCacheKey, TerrainProfileData> eldest) {
+                    return size() > MAX_CACHED_PROFILES;
+                }
+            };
+
+    private long lastRequestStartEpochMillis = 0L;
+
+    public OpenMeteoTerrainProfileProvider() {
+        this(
+                HttpClient.newBuilder()
+                        .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(4))
+                        .build(),
+                Duration.ofSeconds(8),
+                DEFAULT_BASE_URL
+        );
+    }
+
+    public OpenMeteoTerrainProfileProvider(HttpClient httpClient,
+                                           Duration requestTimeout,
+                                           String baseUrl) {
+        this.httpClient = httpClient;
+        this.requestTimeout = requestTimeout == null ? Duration.ofSeconds(8) : requestTimeout;
+        this.baseUrl = (baseUrl == null || baseUrl.isBlank()) ? DEFAULT_BASE_URL : baseUrl.trim();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        if (request == null || !request.hasUsableEndpoints() || request.requestedSampleCount() < 2) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME);
+        }
+
+        int sampleCount = resolveOnlineSampleCount(request.requestedSampleCount());
+        RequestCacheKey cacheKey = RequestCacheKey.from(request, sampleCount);
+
+        TerrainProfileData cachedProfile = loadFromCache(cacheKey);
+        if (cachedProfile != null) {
+            return cachedProfile;
+        }
+
+        List<SamplePoint> samplePoints = buildSamplePoints(request, sampleCount);
+        TerrainProfileData profileData = fetchProfile(samplePoints);
+
+        if (profileData.hasUsableProfile()) {
+            saveToCache(cacheKey, profileData);
+        }
+
+        return profileData;
+    }
+
+    private int resolveOnlineSampleCount(int requestedSampleCount) {
+        return Math.max(
+                MIN_ONLINE_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT,
+                Math.min(requestedSampleCount, MAX_ONLINE_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT)
+        );
+    }
+
+    private TerrainProfileData loadFromCache(RequestCacheKey cacheKey) {
+        synchronized (profileCache) {
+            return profileCache.get(cacheKey);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void saveToCache(RequestCacheKey cacheKey, TerrainProfileData profileData) {
+        synchronized (profileCache) {
+            profileCache.put(cacheKey, profileData);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TerrainProfileData fetchProfile(List<SamplePoint> samplePoints) {
+        try {
+            List<Double> elevations = fetchElevations(samplePoints);
+
+            if (elevations.size() != samplePoints.size()) {
+                return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " returned an incomplete elevation array");
+            }
+
+            List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints = new ArrayList<>(samplePoints.size());
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < samplePoints.size(); i++) {
+                SamplePoint samplePoint = samplePoints.get(i);
+                double elevationMeters = elevations.get(i);
+
+                if (!Double.isFinite(elevationMeters)) {
+                    return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " returned no-data elevation samples");
+                }
+
+                profilePoints.add(new PathProfilePoint(
+                        samplePoint.distanceKm(),
+                        samplePoint.latitudeDeg(),
+                        samplePoint.longitudeDeg(),
+                        elevationMeters
+                ));
+            }
+
+            return new TerrainProfileData(profilePoints, SOURCE_NAME, false);
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty(SOURCE_NAME + " failed: " + buildShortFailureMessage(exception));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<SamplePoint> buildSamplePoints(TerrainProfileRequest request, int sampleCount) {
+        List<SamplePoint> points = new ArrayList<>(sampleCount);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++) {
+            double t = sampleCount == 1 ? 0.0 : (double) i / (double) (sampleCount - 1);
+
+            PathGeometryUtils.GeoPoint interpolatedPoint =
+                    PathGeometryUtils.interpolateGreatCirclePoint(
+                            request.fromLatitudeDeg(),
+                            request.fromLongitudeDeg(),
+                            request.toLatitudeDeg(),
+                            request.toLongitudeDeg(),
+                            t
+                    );
+
+            double latitudeDeg = interpolatedPoint.latitudeDeg();
+            double longitudeDeg = interpolatedPoint.longitudeDeg();
+
+            if (!Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg) || !Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)) {
+                return List.of();
+            }
+
+            points.add(new SamplePoint(
+                    request.totalDistanceKm() * t,
+                    latitudeDeg,
+                    longitudeDeg
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return points;
+    }
+
+    private List<Double> fetchElevations(List<SamplePoint> samplePoints) throws Exception {
+        if (samplePoints == null || samplePoints.isEmpty()) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        if (samplePoints.size() > MAX_COORDINATES_PER_REQUEST) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Open-Meteo request would contain more than 100 coordinates");
+        }
+
+        waitForRateLimitSlot();
+
+        String latitudeParameter = samplePoints.stream()
+                .map(point -> formatCoordinate(point.latitudeDeg()))
+                .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
+
+        String longitudeParameter = samplePoints.stream()
+                .map(point -> formatCoordinate(point.longitudeDeg()))
+                .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
+
+        String requestUrl = baseUrl
+                + "?latitude=" + latitudeParameter
+                + "&longitude=" + longitudeParameter;
+
+        HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create(requestUrl))
+                .timeout(requestTimeout)
+                .header("Accept", "application/json")
+                .header("User-Agent", "KST4Contest path-analysis")
+                .GET()
+                .build();
+
+        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(httpRequest, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+        if (response.statusCode() / 100 != 2) {
+            String reason = extractErrorReason(response.body());
+            throw new IOException("HTTP " + response.statusCode() + (reason.isBlank() ? "" : " - " + reason));
+        }
+
+        return parseElevationArray(response.body());
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void waitForRateLimitSlot() throws InterruptedException {
+        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long waitMillis = MINIMUM_REQUEST_INTERVAL.toMillis() - (now - lastRequestStartEpochMillis);
+
+        if (waitMillis > 0L) {
+            Thread.sleep(waitMillis);
+        }
+
+        lastRequestStartEpochMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+
+    private List<Double> parseElevationArray(String responseBody) throws IOException {
+        if (responseBody == null || responseBody.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IOException("Empty response body");
+        }
+
+        Matcher elevationArrayMatcher = ELEVATION_ARRAY_PATTERN.matcher(responseBody);
+        if (!elevationArrayMatcher.find()) {
+            String reason = extractErrorReason(responseBody);
+            throw new IOException("No elevation array found" + (reason.isBlank() ? "" : ": " + reason));
+        }
+
+        String arrayContent = elevationArrayMatcher.group(1).trim();
+        if (arrayContent.isBlank()) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        String[] parts = arrayContent.split("\\s*,\\s*");
+        List<Double> elevations = new ArrayList<>(parts.length);
+
+        for (String part : parts) {
+            String value = part.trim();
+
+            if (value.isBlank()
+                    || "null".equalsIgnoreCase(value)
+                    || "nan".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
+                elevations.add(Double.NaN);
+            } else {
+                elevations.add(Double.parseDouble(value));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return elevations;
+    }
+
+    private String extractErrorReason(String responseBody) {
+        Matcher matcher = ERROR_REASON_PATTERN.matcher(responseBody == null ? "" : responseBody);
+        if (matcher.find()) {
+            return matcher.group(1);
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    private String buildShortFailureMessage(Exception exception) {
+        if (exception == null) {
+            return "unknown error";
+        }
+
+        Throwable current = exception;
+        while (current.getCause() != null) {
+            current = current.getCause();
+        }
+
+        String message = current.getMessage();
+        if (message == null || message.isBlank()) {
+            message = exception.getMessage();
+        }
+
+        return message == null || message.isBlank()
+                ? current.getClass().getSimpleName()
+                : message;
+    }
+
+    private String formatCoordinate(double value) {
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.6f", value);
+    }
+
+    private record SamplePoint(double distanceKm, double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+    }
+
+    private record RequestCacheKey(
+            String fromLatitudeDeg,
+            String fromLongitudeDeg,
+            String toLatitudeDeg,
+            String toLongitudeDeg,
+            int sampleCount
+    ) {
+        private static RequestCacheKey from(TerrainProfileRequest request, int sampleCount) {
+            return new RequestCacheKey(
+                    normalizeCoordinate(request.fromLatitudeDeg()),
+                    normalizeCoordinate(request.fromLongitudeDeg()),
+                    normalizeCoordinate(request.toLatitudeDeg()),
+                    normalizeCoordinate(request.toLongitudeDeg()),
+                    sampleCount
+            );
+        }
+
+        private static String normalizeCoordinate(double value) {
+            return String.format(Locale.US, "%.6f", value);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathAnalysisRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable input for one path analysis run.
+ */
+public record PathAnalysisRequest(
+        String fromLocator6,
+        double fromLatitudeDeg,
+        double fromLongitudeDeg,
+        String toCallsignRaw,
+        String toLocator6,
+        double toLatitudeDeg,
+        double toLongitudeDeg,
+        double frequencyMHz,
+        double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+        double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+        double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor,
+        PathLinkBudgetSettings linkBudgetSettings
+) {
+
+    public PathAnalysisRequest(String fromLocator6,
+                               double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                               double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                               String toCallsignRaw,
+                               String toLocator6,
+                               double toLatitudeDeg,
+                               double toLongitudeDeg,
+                               double frequencyMHz,
+                               double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                               double targetAntennaHeightMeters) {
+        this(
+                fromLocator6,
+                fromLatitudeDeg,
+                fromLongitudeDeg,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                toLocator6,
+                toLatitudeDeg,
+                toLongitudeDeg,
+                frequencyMHz,
+                homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR,
+                PathLinkBudgetSettings.defaults()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public PathAnalysisRequest {
+        fromLocator6 = normalizeLocator(fromLocator6);
+        toCallsignRaw = normalizeUpper(toCallsignRaw);
+        toLocator6 = normalizeLocator(toLocator6);
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz) || frequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            frequencyMHz = Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(homeAntennaHeightMeters) || homeAntennaHeightMeters < 0.0) {
+            homeAntennaHeightMeters = Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(targetAntennaHeightMeters) || targetAntennaHeightMeters < 0.0) {
+            targetAntennaHeightMeters = Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        PathGeometryUtils.sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor);
+
+        linkBudgetSettings = linkBudgetSettings == null
+                ? PathLinkBudgetSettings.defaults()
+                : linkBudgetSettings;
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeLocator(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableHome() {
+        return fromLocator6.length() == 6
+                && Double.isFinite(fromLatitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(fromLongitudeDeg);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableTarget() {
+        return toLocator6.length() == 6
+                && Double.isFinite(toLatitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(toLongitudeDeg);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableFrequency() {
+        return Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz) && frequencyMHz > 0.0;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathAnalysisResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable UI-facing result for one path analysis run.
+ *
+ * <p>This result intentionally combines:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>basic path metadata used by the detail panel</li>
+ *     <li>the enriched path profile used by the preview chart</li>
+ *     <li>formatted state helpers for concise UI binding</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The chart and the numeric evaluation both consume the same already
+ * computed profile data to avoid drift between visual and numeric output.</p>
+ */
+public record PathAnalysisResult(
+        String analysisMode,
+        String fromLocator6,
+        String toLocator6,
+        String toCallsignRaw,
+        double distanceKm,
+        double bearingDeg,
+        double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+        double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+        double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+        boolean lineOfSightClear,
+        boolean fresnelClear,
+        double minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+        double minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+        double worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+        double worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+        double worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+        int worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+        double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor,
+        PathHorizonSummary horizonSummary,
+        PathObstructionSummary obstructionSummary,
+        PathPropagationAssessment propagationAssessment,
+        String statusText,
+        List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints,
+        PathLinkBudgetSummary linkBudgetSummary
+) {
+
+    public PathAnalysisResult {
+        analysisMode = normalizeText(analysisMode);
+        fromLocator6 = normalizeUpper(fromLocator6);
+        toLocator6 = normalizeUpper(toLocator6);
+        toCallsignRaw = normalizeUpper(toCallsignRaw);
+        statusText = normalizeText(statusText);
+        profilePoints = profilePoints == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(profilePoints);
+        effectiveEarthRadiusFactor =
+                PathGeometryUtils.sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor);
+
+        horizonSummary = horizonSummary == null ? PathHorizonSummary.empty() : horizonSummary;
+        obstructionSummary = obstructionSummary == null ? PathObstructionSummary.empty() : obstructionSummary;
+
+        propagationAssessment = propagationAssessment == null
+                ? PathPropagationAssessment.unknown()
+                : propagationAssessment;
+
+        linkBudgetSummary = linkBudgetSummary == null
+                ? PathLinkBudgetSummary.empty()
+                : linkBudgetSummary;
+    }
+
+    public PathAnalysisResult(String analysisMode,
+                              String fromLocator6,
+                              String toLocator6,
+                              String toCallsignRaw,
+                              double distanceKm,
+                              double bearingDeg,
+                              double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                              double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                              double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                              boolean lineOfSightClear,
+                              boolean fresnelClear,
+                              double minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                              double minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                              double worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                              double worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                              double worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                              int worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                              String statusText,
+                              List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints) {
+        this(
+                analysisMode,
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                distanceKm,
+                bearingDeg,
+                homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                lineOfSightClear,
+                fresnelClear,
+                minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR,
+                PathHorizonSummary.empty(),
+                PathObstructionSummary.empty(),
+                PathPropagationAssessment.unknown(),
+                statusText,
+                profilePoints,
+                PathLinkBudgetSummary.empty()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a placeholder result shown while no target station is selected.
+     *
+     * @param fromLocator6 normalized own locator if known
+     * @return waiting result
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult waitingForSelection(String fromLocator6) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                "Waiting",
+                fromLocator6,
+                "",
+                "",
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                "Select a station to prepare path and terrain analysis.",
+                List.of()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a placeholder result shown while analysis is currently running.
+     *
+     * @param fromLocator6 own locator
+     * @param toLocator6 target locator if known
+     * @param toCallsignRaw target callsign if known
+     * @return loading result
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult loading(String fromLocator6,
+                                             String toLocator6,
+                                             String toCallsignRaw) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                "Loading",
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                "Loading terrain/profile data and evaluating the path.",
+                List.of()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a placeholder result shown when the own locator is not usable.
+     *
+     * @param fromLocator6 own locator candidate
+     * @param toLocator6 target locator candidate
+     * @return waiting result with home-locator warning
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult waitingForValidHomeLocator(String fromLocator6,
+                                                                String toLocator6) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                "Waiting",
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                "",
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                "Own locator is missing or invalid. Path analysis cannot start yet.",
+                List.of()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a placeholder result shown when the selected target has no usable position.
+     *
+     * @param fromLocator6 own locator
+     * @param toLocator6 target locator candidate
+     * @return waiting result with target-position warning
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult waitingForValidTarget(String fromLocator6,
+                                                           String toLocator6) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                "Waiting",
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                "",
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                "Selected station has no usable locator/position for path analysis.",
+                List.of()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a finished result without a usable terrain profile.
+     *
+     * @param analysisMode source/mode text
+     * @param fromLocator6 own locator
+     * @param toLocator6 target locator
+     * @param toCallsignRaw target callsign
+     * @param distanceKm path distance in kilometers
+     * @param bearingDeg initial bearing in degrees
+     * @param homeAntennaHeightMeters own antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param targetAntennaHeightMeters target antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param analysisFrequencyMHz analysis frequency in MHz
+     * @param statusText human-readable status text
+     * @return finished result without profile points
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult noProfile(String analysisMode,
+                                               String fromLocator6,
+                                               String toLocator6,
+                                               String toCallsignRaw,
+                                               double distanceKm,
+                                               double bearingDeg,
+                                               double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                                               String statusText) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                analysisMode,
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                distanceKm,
+                bearingDeg,
+                homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                false,
+                false,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                statusText,
+                List.of()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a fully evaluated result.
+     *
+     * @param analysisMode source/mode text
+     * @param fromLocator6 own locator
+     * @param toLocator6 target locator
+     * @param toCallsignRaw target callsign
+     * @param distanceKm path distance in kilometers
+     * @param bearingDeg initial bearing in degrees
+     * @param homeAntennaHeightMeters own antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param targetAntennaHeightMeters target antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param analysisFrequencyMHz analysis frequency in MHz
+     * @param lineOfSightClear true if the direct path is clear
+     * @param fresnelClear true if the lower Fresnel hull is not intruded
+     * @param minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters minimum LOS clearance in meters
+     * @param minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters minimum lower Fresnel clearance in meters
+     * @param worstFresnelIntrusionMeters maximum lower Fresnel intrusion in meters
+     * @param worstFresnelIntrusionRatio intrusion divided by local Fresnel radius
+     * @param worstFresnelDistanceKm distance of the worst intrusion from TX in kilometers
+     * @param worstFresnelSampleIndex sample index of the worst intrusion
+     * @param statusText human-readable status text
+     * @param profilePoints enriched profile points
+     * @return completed path analysis result
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult completed(String analysisMode,
+                                               String fromLocator6,
+                                               String toLocator6,
+                                               String toCallsignRaw,
+                                               double distanceKm,
+                                               double bearingDeg,
+                                               double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                                               boolean lineOfSightClear,
+                                               boolean fresnelClear,
+                                               double minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                                               double minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                                               double worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                                               double worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                                               double worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                                               int worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                                               String statusText,
+                                               List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                analysisMode,
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                distanceKm,
+                bearingDeg,
+                homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                lineOfSightClear,
+                fresnelClear,
+                minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                statusText,
+                profilePoints
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a fully evaluated result including horizon/refraction metadata.
+     *
+     * @return completed path analysis result
+     */
+    public static PathAnalysisResult completed(String analysisMode,
+                                               String fromLocator6,
+                                               String toLocator6,
+                                               String toCallsignRaw,
+                                               double distanceKm,
+                                               double bearingDeg,
+                                               double homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                               double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                                               boolean lineOfSightClear,
+                                               boolean fresnelClear,
+                                               double minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                                               double minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                                               double worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                                               double worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                                               double worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                                               int worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                                               double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor,
+                                               PathHorizonSummary horizonSummary,
+                                               PathObstructionSummary obstructionSummary,
+                                               PathLinkBudgetSummary linkBudgetSummary,
+                                               PathPropagationAssessment propagationAssessment,
+                                               String statusText,
+                                               List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints) {
+        return new PathAnalysisResult(
+                analysisMode,
+                fromLocator6,
+                toLocator6,
+                toCallsignRaw,
+                distanceKm,
+                bearingDeg,
+                homeAntennaHeightMeters,
+                targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                lineOfSightClear,
+                fresnelClear,
+                minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                worstFresnelIntrusionRatio,
+                worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                worstFresnelSampleIndex,
+                effectiveEarthRadiusFactor,
+                horizonSummary,
+                obstructionSummary,
+                propagationAssessment,
+                statusText,
+                profilePoints,
+                linkBudgetSummary = linkBudgetSummary == null
+                        ? PathLinkBudgetSummary.empty()
+                        : linkBudgetSummary
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the result contains a profile usable for charting/evaluation.
+     *
+     * @return true if at least two profile points are available
+     */
+    public boolean hasUsableProfile() {
+        return profilePoints.size() >= 2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the dominant obstruction / diffraction candidate text.
+     *
+     * @return obstruction summary text
+     */
+    public String obstructionText() {
+        return obstructionSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : obstructionSummary.obstructionText();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a short UI text for direct LOS state.
+     *
+     * @return LOS summary text
+     */
+    public String losText() {
+        if (!hasUsableProfile()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        return lineOfSightClear
+                ? String.format(Locale.US, "Geometric LOS clear (min %+,.1f m)", minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters)
+                : String.format(Locale.US, "Geometric LOS blocked (min %+,.1f m)", minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a short UI text for the minimum LOS clearance.
+     *
+     * @return worst direct-path clearance text
+     */
+    public String worstClearanceText() {
+        if (!hasUsableProfile() || !Double.isFinite(minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters)) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f m", minimumLineOfSightClearanceMeters);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a short UI text for the analysis frequency.
+     *
+     * @return frequency text or "-"
+     */
+    public String analysisFrequencyText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(analysisFrequencyMHz) || analysisFrequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.3f MHz", analysisFrequencyMHz);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a short UI text for the Fresnel state.
+     *
+     * @return Fresnel summary text
+     */
+    public String fresnelText() {
+        if (!hasUsableProfile()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        if (fresnelClear) {
+            return String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "1st Fresnel clear (min %+,.1f m)",
+                    minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters
+            );
+        }
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "1st Fresnel intruded (worst %.1f m)",
+                worstFresnelIntrusionMeters
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a short UI text for the worst Fresnel intrusion.
+     *
+     * @return worst Fresnel intrusion text
+     */
+    public String worstFresnelClearanceText() {
+        if (!hasUsableProfile()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        if (Double.isFinite(worstFresnelIntrusionMeters) && worstFresnelIntrusionMeters > 0.0) {
+            return String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "%.1f m @ %.1f km (%.0f%%)",
+                    worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                    worstFresnelDistanceKm,
+                    worstFresnelIntrusionRatio * 100.0
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (Double.isFinite(minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters)) {
+            return String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "No intrusion (min %.1f m)",
+                    minimumLowerFresnelClearanceMeters
+            );
+        }
+
+        return "-";
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the effective Earth radius / refraction model text used by this
+     * analysis result.
+     *
+     * @return k-factor text
+     */
+    public String effectiveEarthRadiusText() {
+        return horizonSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : horizonSummary.effectiveEarthRadiusText();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a concise simple radio-horizon summary for both endpoint antenna
+     * heights.
+     *
+     * @return radio-horizon summary
+     */
+    public String radioHorizonText() {
+        return horizonSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : horizonSummary.simpleRadioHorizonText();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the actual terrain horizon derived from the current terrain profile.
+     *
+     * @return terrain-horizon summary
+     */
+    public String terrainHorizonText() {
+        return horizonSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : horizonSummary.terrainHorizonText();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the distance as formatted text.
+     *
+     * @return distance text or "-"
+     */
+    public String distanceText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(distanceKm) || distanceKm < 0.0) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f km", distanceKm);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the initial path bearing as formatted text.
+     *
+     * @return bearing text or "-"
+     */
+    public String bearingText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(bearingDeg)) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "%.0f°", bearingDeg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a concise endpoint summary with ground level and configured antenna heights.
+     *
+     * @return endpoint/antenna summary text
+     */
+    public String endpointSummaryText() {
+        PathProfilePoint firstPoint = firstProfilePoint();
+        PathProfilePoint lastPoint = lastProfilePoint();
+
+        boolean hasHomeGround = firstPoint != null && Double.isFinite(firstPoint.elevationMeters());
+        boolean hasTargetGround = lastPoint != null && Double.isFinite(lastPoint.elevationMeters());
+
+        boolean hasHomeAntenna = Double.isFinite(homeAntennaHeightMeters);
+        boolean hasTargetAntenna = Double.isFinite(targetAntennaHeightMeters);
+
+        String homeText;
+        if (hasHomeGround && hasHomeAntenna) {
+            homeText = String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "Home %.0f m ASL + %.0f m AGL",
+                    firstPoint.elevationMeters(),
+                    homeAntennaHeightMeters
+            );
+        } else if (hasHomeAntenna) {
+            homeText = String.format(Locale.US, "Home +%.0f m AGL", homeAntennaHeightMeters);
+        } else {
+            homeText = "Home -";
+        }
+
+        String targetText;
+        if (hasTargetGround && hasTargetAntenna) {
+            targetText = String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "DX %.0f m ASL + %.0f m AGL",
+                    lastPoint.elevationMeters(),
+                    targetAntennaHeightMeters
+            );
+        } else if (hasTargetAntenna) {
+            targetText = String.format(Locale.US, "DX +%.0f m AGL", targetAntennaHeightMeters);
+        } else {
+            targetText = "DX -";
+        }
+
+        return homeText + " | " + targetText;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the operator-facing propagation assessment.
+     *
+     * @return short propagation assessment text
+     */
+    public String propagationAssessmentText() {
+        return propagationAssessment == null
+                ? "-"
+                : propagationAssessment.shortText();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the likely propagation mechanisms suggested by the current assessment.
+     *
+     * @return mechanism summary
+     */
+    public String propagationMechanismsText() {
+        return propagationAssessment == null
+                ? "-"
+                : propagationAssessment.likelyMechanisms();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a numeric severity level from 0 to 5.
+     *
+     * @return severity level
+     */
+    public int propagationSeverityLevel() {
+        return propagationAssessment == null
+                ? 0
+                : propagationAssessment.severityLevel();
+    }
+
+    private PathProfilePoint firstProfilePoint() {
+        return profilePoints.isEmpty() ? null : profilePoints.get(0);
+    }
+
+    private PathProfilePoint lastProfilePoint() {
+        return profilePoints.isEmpty() ? null : profilePoints.get(profilePoints.size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeText(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    public String linkBudgetText() {
+        return linkBudgetSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : linkBudgetSummary.ssbMarginText();
+    }
+
+    public String linkBudgetRxPowerText() {
+        return linkBudgetSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : linkBudgetSummary.rxPowerText();
+    }
+
+    public String linkBudgetDetailText() {
+        return linkBudgetSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : linkBudgetSummary.linkBudgetDetailText();
+    }
+
+    public String cwHintText() {
+        return linkBudgetSummary == null
+                ? "-"
+                : linkBudgetSummary.cwHintText();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathAnalysisService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * Abstraction for path analysis.
+ *
+ * First implementation can be geometry-only.
+ * Later this can call terrain APIs, caching layers, LOS checks, etc.
+ */
+public interface PathAnalysisService {
+
+    PathAnalysisResult analyze(PathAnalysisRequest request);
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathGeometryUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Shared helper methods for path geometry and radio-path calculations.
+ *
+ * <p>This class intentionally centralizes:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>great-circle geometry</li>
+ *     <li>Earth curvature calculations</li>
+ *     <li>Fresnel calculations</li>
+ *     <li>adaptive profile sampling heuristics</li>
+ *     <li>default/fallback frequency handling</li>
+ *     <li>tolerant frequency parsing from UI/chat strings</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public final class PathGeometryUtils {
+
+    private static final double EARTH_RADIUS_METERS = 6_371_009.0;
+    private static final double EARTH_RADIUS_KM = EARTH_RADIUS_METERS / 1000.0;
+    private static final double SPEED_OF_LIGHT_METERS_PER_SECOND = 299_792_458.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Default effective Earth radius factor used for VHF/UHF path geometry.
+     *
+     * <p>k = 4/3 is the common standard-atmosphere approximation. It bends the
+     * radio path slightly with the atmosphere and therefore reduces the apparent
+     * Earth bulge compared with pure optical geometry.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This is still only a geometric/refraction approximation. It does not model
+     * troposcatter, aircraft scatter, ducting or diffraction loss numerically.</p>
+     */
+    public static final double DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR = 4.0 / 3.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Central fallback frequency for path analysis when no station frequency
+     * could be extracted from the chat member / aggregated marker data.
+     *
+     * Easy to change later if users mainly work on another band.
+     */
+    public static final double DEFAULT_ANALYSIS_FREQUENCY_MHZ = 144.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Common practical recommendation: at least 60% of the first Fresnel zone
+     * should remain clear.
+     */
+    public static final double DEFAULT_FRESNEL_CLEARANCE_FACTOR = 0.60;
+
+    /**
+     * Current sampling heuristic for terrain/profile analysis.
+     *
+     * <p>The active goal is to sample approximately every 0.5 km while
+     * keeping the UI responsive. A later batch/service variant can use
+     * different limits.</p>
+     */
+    public static final double DEFAULT_TARGET_SAMPLE_STEP_KM = 0.5;
+    public static final int MIN_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT = 121;
+    public static final int MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT = 1201;
+
+    private static final Pattern FREQUENCY_MHZ_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile("(?i)(\\d{2,6}(?:[\\.,]\\d+)?)\\s*(?:mhz)?");
+
+    private PathGeometryUtils() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Great-circle distance in kilometers using the haversine formula.
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @return great-circle distance in kilometers
+     */
+    public static double calculateGreatCircleDistanceKm(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                        double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                        double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                        double toLongitudeDeg) {
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(fromLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(fromLongitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLongitudeDeg)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double fromLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLatitudeDeg);
+        double fromLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLongitudeDeg);
+        double toLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLatitudeDeg);
+        double toLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLongitudeDeg);
+
+        double deltaLatitude = toLatitudeRad - fromLatitudeRad;
+        double deltaLongitude = toLongitudeRad - fromLongitudeRad;
+
+        double a = Math.sin(deltaLatitude / 2.0) * Math.sin(deltaLatitude / 2.0)
+                + Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLatitudeRad)
+                * Math.sin(deltaLongitude / 2.0) * Math.sin(deltaLongitude / 2.0);
+
+        double c = 2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(Math.max(0.0, 1.0 - a)));
+
+        return EARTH_RADIUS_KM * c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initial great-circle bearing in degrees from north.
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @return initial bearing in degrees within [0, 360)
+     */
+    public static double calculateInitialBearingDeg(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                    double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                    double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                    double toLongitudeDeg) {
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(fromLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(fromLongitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLongitudeDeg)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double fromLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLatitudeDeg);
+        double toLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLatitudeDeg);
+        double deltaLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLongitudeDeg - fromLongitudeDeg);
+
+        double y = Math.sin(deltaLongitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLatitudeRad);
+        double x = Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.sin(toLatitudeRad)
+                - Math.sin(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(deltaLongitudeRad);
+
+        double bearingDeg = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(y, x));
+
+        return normalizeBearingDeg(bearingDeg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Interpolates one point on the great-circle path between two endpoints.
+     *
+     * <p>This uses spherical linear interpolation (slerp) on the unit sphere.
+     * It avoids the path distortion that appears when latitude and longitude
+     * are interpolated independently.</p>
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @param t interpolation factor in [0, 1]
+     * @return interpolated great-circle point
+     */
+    public static GeoPoint interpolateGreatCirclePoint(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                       double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                       double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                       double toLongitudeDeg,
+                                                       double t) {
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(fromLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(fromLongitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLatitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(toLongitudeDeg)
+                || !Double.isFinite(t)) {
+            return new GeoPoint(Double.NaN, Double.NaN);
+        }
+
+        double clampedT = clamp(t, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+        if (clampedT <= 0.0) {
+            return new GeoPoint(fromLatitudeDeg, normalizeLongitudeDeg(fromLongitudeDeg));
+        }
+
+        if (clampedT >= 1.0) {
+            return new GeoPoint(toLatitudeDeg, normalizeLongitudeDeg(toLongitudeDeg));
+        }
+
+        double fromLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLatitudeDeg);
+        double fromLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLongitudeDeg);
+        double toLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLatitudeDeg);
+        double toLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLongitudeDeg);
+
+        double x1 = Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(fromLongitudeRad);
+        double y1 = Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.sin(fromLongitudeRad);
+        double z1 = Math.sin(fromLatitudeRad);
+
+        double x2 = Math.cos(toLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLongitudeRad);
+        double y2 = Math.cos(toLatitudeRad) * Math.sin(toLongitudeRad);
+        double z2 = Math.sin(toLatitudeRad);
+
+        double dot = clamp(x1 * x2 + y1 * y2 + z1 * z2, -1.0, 1.0);
+        double omega = Math.acos(dot);
+
+        if (omega < 1e-12) {
+            double latitudeDeg = fromLatitudeDeg + (toLatitudeDeg - fromLatitudeDeg) * clampedT;
+            double longitudeDeg = normalizeLongitudeDeg(fromLongitudeDeg + (toLongitudeDeg - fromLongitudeDeg) * clampedT);
+            return new GeoPoint(latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg);
+        }
+
+        double sinOmega = Math.sin(omega);
+        double a = Math.sin((1.0 - clampedT) * omega) / sinOmega;
+        double b = Math.sin(clampedT * omega) / sinOmega;
+
+        double x = a * x1 + b * x2;
+        double y = a * y1 + b * y2;
+        double z = a * z1 + b * z2;
+
+        double latitudeRad = Math.atan2(z, Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y));
+        double longitudeRad = Math.atan2(y, x);
+
+        return new GeoPoint(
+                Math.toDegrees(latitudeRad),
+                normalizeLongitudeDeg(Math.toDegrees(longitudeRad))
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves an adaptive terrain/profile sample count from the full path distance.
+     *
+     * <p>Current heuristic:
+     * <ul>
+     *     <li>target spacing about 0.5 km</li>
+     *     <li>minimum 121 samples</li>
+     *     <li>maximum 1201 samples</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param totalDistanceKm full path distance in kilometers
+     * @return clamped sample count
+     */
+    public static int resolveAdaptiveSampleCount(double totalDistanceKm) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(totalDistanceKm) || totalDistanceKm <= 0.0) {
+            return MIN_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT;
+        }
+
+        int computedSampleCount = (int) Math.ceil(totalDistanceKm / DEFAULT_TARGET_SAMPLE_STEP_KM) + 1;
+
+        return clampInt(computedSampleCount, MIN_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT, MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_COUNT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Earth bulge above the straight endpoint chord at one point
+     * along the path.
+     *
+     * <p>Distances are given along the path in kilometers.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Approximation:
+     * bulge = d1 * d2 / (2 * R_eff)</p>
+     */
+    public static double calculateEarthBulgeMeters(double distanceFromStartKm,
+                                                   double totalDistanceKm) {
+        return calculateEarthBulgeMeters(
+                distanceFromStartKm,
+                totalDistanceKm,
+                DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static double calculateEarthBulgeMeters(double distanceFromStartKm,
+                                                   double totalDistanceKm,
+                                                   double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor) {
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(distanceFromStartKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(totalDistanceKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor)
+                || totalDistanceKm <= 0.0
+                || effectiveEarthRadiusFactor <= 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        double clampedDistanceFromStartKm = Math.max(0.0, Math.min(distanceFromStartKm, totalDistanceKm));
+        double distanceToTargetKm = totalDistanceKm - clampedDistanceFromStartKm;
+
+        double distanceFromStartMeters = clampedDistanceFromStartKm * 1000.0;
+        double distanceToTargetMeters = distanceToTargetKm * 1000.0;
+        double effectiveEarthRadiusMeters = EARTH_RADIUS_METERS * effectiveEarthRadiusFactor;
+
+        return (distanceFromStartMeters * distanceToTargetMeters) / (2.0 * effectiveEarthRadiusMeters);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns terrain height plus Earth curvature using the default effective Earth
+     * radius factor.
+     *
+     * @param point terrain/profile point
+     * @param totalDistanceKm full path distance in kilometers
+     * @return curvature-adjusted terrain height in meters
+     */
+    public static double calculateCurvatureAdjustedElevationMeters(PathProfilePoint point,
+                                                                   double totalDistanceKm) {
+        return calculateCurvatureAdjustedElevationMeters(
+                point,
+                totalDistanceKm,
+                DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns terrain height plus Earth curvature using the given effective Earth
+     * radius factor.
+     *
+     * <p>k = 1.0 means optical/geometric Earth curvature. k = 4/3 is the common
+     * standard radio-refraction approximation for VHF/UHF path previews.</p>
+     *
+     * @param point terrain/profile point
+     * @param totalDistanceKm full path distance in kilometers
+     * @param effectiveEarthRadiusFactor k-factor for effective Earth radius
+     * @return curvature-adjusted terrain height in meters
+     */
+    public static double calculateCurvatureAdjustedElevationMeters(PathProfilePoint point,
+                                                                   double totalDistanceKm,
+                                                                   double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor) {
+        if (point == null || !Double.isFinite(point.elevationMeters())) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        return point.elevationMeters()
+                + calculateEarthBulgeMeters(
+                point.distanceKm(),
+                totalDistanceKm,
+                sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the simple radio horizon distance from antenna height above ground.
+     *
+     * <p>The result is based on the effective Earth radius model:
+     * d = sqrt(2 * R_eff * h)</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This is a local tangent-horizon approximation. It is useful as an operator
+     * hint, but it is not a complete propagation prediction.</p>
+     *
+     * @param antennaHeightMeters antenna height above local ground in meters
+     * @param effectiveEarthRadiusFactor k-factor for effective Earth radius
+     * @return radio horizon distance in kilometers
+     */
+    public static double calculateRadioHorizonDistanceKm(double antennaHeightMeters,
+                                                         double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(antennaHeightMeters) || antennaHeightMeters < 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double sanitizedFactor = sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor);
+        double effectiveEarthRadiusMeters = EARTH_RADIUS_METERS * sanitizedFactor;
+
+        return Math.sqrt(2.0 * effectiveEarthRadiusMeters * antennaHeightMeters) / 1000.0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the apparent elevation angle from an observer height to a target
+     * height over a given distance.
+     *
+     * @param observerHeightMeters observer height in the already curvature-adjusted profile space
+     * @param targetHeightMeters target height in the same profile space
+     * @param distanceKm distance between observer and target in kilometers
+     * @return elevation angle in degrees
+     */
+    public static double calculateElevationAngleDeg(double observerHeightMeters,
+                                                    double targetHeightMeters,
+                                                    double distanceKm) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(observerHeightMeters)
+                || !Double.isFinite(targetHeightMeters)
+                || !Double.isFinite(distanceKm)
+                || distanceKm <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double distanceMeters = distanceKm * 1000.0;
+        return Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(targetHeightMeters - observerHeightMeters, distanceMeters));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sanitizes the effective Earth radius factor.
+     *
+     * <p>Values outside a practical range are folded back to the standard default
+     * so broken preferences or malformed future XML values cannot destabilize path
+     * analysis.</p>
+     *
+     * @param effectiveEarthRadiusFactor raw k-factor
+     * @return usable k-factor
+     */
+    public static double sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor)
+                || effectiveEarthRadiusFactor < 0.5
+                || effectiveEarthRadiusFactor > 10.0) {
+            return DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR;
+        }
+
+        return effectiveEarthRadiusFactor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a frequency in MHz to wavelength in meters.
+     *
+     * @param frequencyMHz signal frequency in MHz
+     * @return wavelength in meters
+     */
+    public static double calculateWavelengthMeters(double frequencyMHz) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz) || frequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+        return SPEED_OF_LIGHT_METERS_PER_SECOND / (frequencyMHz * 1_000_000.0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * First Fresnel zone radius at one point along the path.
+     *
+     * @param distanceFromStartKm distance from TX in kilometers
+     * @param totalDistanceKm total path distance in kilometers
+     * @param frequencyMHz signal frequency in MHz
+     * @return first Fresnel radius in meters
+     */
+    public static double calculateFirstFresnelRadiusMeters(double distanceFromStartKm,
+                                                           double totalDistanceKm,
+                                                           double frequencyMHz) {
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(distanceFromStartKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(totalDistanceKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz)
+                || totalDistanceKm <= 0.0
+                || frequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double clampedDistanceFromStartKm = Math.max(0.0, Math.min(distanceFromStartKm, totalDistanceKm));
+        double distanceToTargetKm = totalDistanceKm - clampedDistanceFromStartKm;
+
+        double d1Meters = clampedDistanceFromStartKm * 1000.0;
+        double d2Meters = distanceToTargetKm * 1000.0;
+
+        if (d1Meters <= 0.0 || d2Meters <= 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        double wavelengthMeters = calculateWavelengthMeters(frequencyMHz);
+        if (!Double.isFinite(wavelengthMeters) || wavelengthMeters <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        return Math.sqrt((wavelengthMeters * d1Meters * d2Meters) / (d1Meters + d2Meters));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recommended minimum clearance, currently 60% of the first Fresnel zone.
+     *
+     * @param distanceFromStartKm distance from TX in kilometers
+     * @param totalDistanceKm total path distance in kilometers
+     * @param frequencyMHz signal frequency in MHz
+     * @return recommended clearance in meters
+     */
+    public static double calculateRecommendedFresnelClearanceMeters(double distanceFromStartKm,
+                                                                    double totalDistanceKm,
+                                                                    double frequencyMHz) {
+
+        double firstFresnelRadiusMeters =
+                calculateFirstFresnelRadiusMeters(distanceFromStartKm, totalDistanceKm, frequencyMHz);
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(firstFresnelRadiusMeters)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        return firstFresnelRadiusMeters * DEFAULT_FRESNEL_CLEARANCE_FACTOR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to extract a MHz frequency from strings such as:
+     * <ul>
+     *     <li>"144.300"</li>
+     *     <li>"144,300"</li>
+     *     <li>"144.300 MHz"</li>
+     *     <li>"QRG 432.174 MHz"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param rawText free-form raw text
+     * @return parsed frequency in MHz or NaN
+     */
+    public static double tryParseFrequencyMHz(String rawText) {
+        if (rawText == null || rawText.isBlank()) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        Matcher matcher = FREQUENCY_MHZ_PATTERN.matcher(rawText.trim());
+        if (!matcher.find()) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        String numericText = matcher.group(1).replace(',', '.');
+
+        try {
+            double parsedFrequencyMHz = Double.parseDouble(numericText);
+            return parsedFrequencyMHz > 0.0 ? parsedFrequencyMHz : Double.NaN;
+        } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves one usable analysis frequency from aggregated marker frequency data.
+     *
+     * <p>Strategy:
+     * <ol>
+     *     <li>Prefer 144 MHz data if available</li>
+     *     <li>Otherwise use the first parsable known station frequency</li>
+     *     <li>Otherwise use the central default frequency</li>
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @param frequenciesByBand known frequencies grouped by band
+     * @return resolved analysis frequency in MHz
+     */
+    public static double resolveAnalysisFrequencyMHz(Map<String, String> frequenciesByBand) {
+        if (frequenciesByBand != null && !frequenciesByBand.isEmpty()) {
+            String band144Text = frequenciesByBand.get("144");
+            double parsed144 = tryParseFrequencyMHz(band144Text);
+            if (Double.isFinite(parsed144) && parsed144 > 0.0) {
+                return parsed144;
+            }
+
+            for (String value : frequenciesByBand.values()) {
+                double parsedFrequencyMHz = tryParseFrequencyMHz(value);
+                if (Double.isFinite(parsedFrequencyMHz) && parsedFrequencyMHz > 0.0) {
+                    return parsedFrequencyMHz;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return DEFAULT_ANALYSIS_FREQUENCY_MHZ;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Small immutable geographic point used by great-circle interpolation.
+     *
+     * @param latitudeDeg latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg longitude in degrees
+     */
+    public record GeoPoint(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+    }
+
+    private static double normalizeLongitudeDeg(double longitudeDeg) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double normalized = longitudeDeg % 360.0;
+        if (normalized > 180.0) {
+            normalized -= 360.0;
+        } else if (normalized <= -180.0) {
+            normalized += 360.0;
+        }
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static double normalizeBearingDeg(double bearingDeg) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(bearingDeg)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double normalized = bearingDeg % 360.0;
+        if (normalized < 0.0) {
+            normalized += 360.0;
+        }
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static double clamp(double value, double minValue, double maxValue) {
+        return Math.max(minValue, Math.min(maxValue, value));
+    }
+
+    private static int clampInt(int value, int minValue, int maxValue) {
+        return Math.max(minValue, Math.min(maxValue, value));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction parameter v for a single
+     * obstruction.
+     *
+     * <p>Positive height means the obstruction is above the direct line of sight.
+     * This method is useful for a rough single-knife-edge severity estimate.</p>
+     *
+     * @param heightAboveLosMeters obstruction height above direct LOS in meters
+     * @param distanceFromHomeKm distance from home endpoint to obstruction
+     * @param distanceFromTargetKm distance from target endpoint to obstruction
+     * @param frequencyMHz analysis frequency in MHz
+     * @return diffraction parameter v
+     */
+    public static double calculateKnifeEdgeVParameter(double heightAboveLosMeters,
+                                                      double distanceFromHomeKm,
+                                                      double distanceFromTargetKm,
+                                                      double frequencyMHz) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(heightAboveLosMeters)
+                || !Double.isFinite(distanceFromHomeKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(distanceFromTargetKm)
+                || distanceFromHomeKm <= 0.0
+                || distanceFromTargetKm <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double wavelengthMeters = calculateWavelengthMeters(frequencyMHz);
+        if (!Double.isFinite(wavelengthMeters) || wavelengthMeters <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        double d1Meters = distanceFromHomeKm * 1000.0;
+        double d2Meters = distanceFromTargetKm * 1000.0;
+
+        return heightAboveLosMeters
+                * Math.sqrt(2.0 * (d1Meters + d2Meters) / (wavelengthMeters * d1Meters * d2Meters));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Estimates the additional diffraction loss for a single knife edge.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a rough operator-facing indicator. It must not be interpreted as a
+     * complete path-loss model.</p>
+     *
+     * @param v Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction parameter
+     * @return estimated additional loss in dB
+     */
+    public static double calculateSingleKnifeEdgeLossDb(double v) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(v)) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        if (v <= -0.78) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        return 6.9 + 20.0 * Math.log10(
+                Math.sqrt(Math.pow(v - 0.1, 2.0) + 1.0) + v - 0.1
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts RF power from watts to dBm.
+     *
+     * @param watts power in watts
+     * @return power in dBm
+     */
+    public static double wattsToDbm(double watts) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(watts) || watts <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        return 10.0 * Math.log10(watts * 1000.0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates free-space path loss.
+     *
+     * @param distanceKm path distance in kilometers
+     * @param frequencyMHz frequency in MHz
+     * @return free-space path loss in dB
+     */
+    public static double calculateFreeSpacePathLossDb(double distanceKm, double frequencyMHz) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(distanceKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz)
+                || distanceKm <= 0.0
+                || frequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return Double.NaN;
+        }
+
+        return 32.44 + 20.0 * Math.log10(distanceKm) + 20.0 * Math.log10(frequencyMHz);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Estimates per-station feeder loss from a simple VHF baseline and a frequency
+     * dependent increase.
+     *
+     * <p>The result is capped because a linear MHz-based feeder heuristic becomes
+     * unrealistic on microwave bands where transverters are often placed near the
+     * antenna. Later this should become a per-band user setting.</p>
+     *
+     * @param frequencyMHz frequency in MHz
+     * @param settings link-budget settings
+     * @return estimated per-station feeder loss in dB
+     */
+    public static double estimateFeederLossPerStationDb(double frequencyMHz,
+                                                        PathLinkBudgetSettings settings) {
+        PathLinkBudgetSettings safeSettings = settings == null
+                ? PathLinkBudgetSettings.defaults()
+                : settings;
+
+        double baseLossDb = safeSettings.vhfFeederLossPerStationDb();
+
+        if (!Double.isFinite(frequencyMHz) || frequencyMHz <= 0.0) {
+            return baseLossDb;
+        }
+
+        double additionalLossDb = Math.max(0.0, (frequencyMHz - 144.0) / 200.0)
+                * safeSettings.feederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz();
+
+        double estimatedLossDb = baseLossDb + additionalLossDb;
+
+        return Math.min(estimatedLossDb, safeSettings.maxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb());
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathHorizonSummary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable summary of simple radio-horizon and terrain-profile horizon data.
+ *
+ * <p>The simple radio horizon is based only on antenna height and effective
+ * Earth radius. The terrain horizon is derived from the actual path profile and
+ * therefore represents the highest apparent terrain angle from each endpoint.</p>
+ */
+public record PathHorizonSummary(
+        double effectiveEarthRadiusFactor,
+
+        double homeSimpleRadioHorizonKm,
+        double targetSimpleRadioHorizonKm,
+        double combinedSimpleRadioHorizonKm,
+
+        double homeTerrainHorizonPathDistanceKm,
+        double homeTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg,
+        int homeTerrainHorizonSampleIndex,
+
+        double targetTerrainHorizonPathDistanceKm,
+        double targetTerrainHorizonDistanceFromTargetKm,
+        double targetTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg,
+        int targetTerrainHorizonSampleIndex
+) {
+
+    public PathHorizonSummary {
+        effectiveEarthRadiusFactor =
+                PathGeometryUtils.sanitizeEffectiveEarthRadiusFactor(effectiveEarthRadiusFactor);
+    }
+
+    public static PathHorizonSummary empty() {
+        return new PathHorizonSummary(
+                PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasHomeTerrainHorizon() {
+        return homeTerrainHorizonSampleIndex >= 0
+                && Double.isFinite(homeTerrainHorizonPathDistanceKm)
+                && Double.isFinite(homeTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasTargetTerrainHorizon() {
+        return targetTerrainHorizonSampleIndex >= 0
+                && Double.isFinite(targetTerrainHorizonPathDistanceKm)
+                && Double.isFinite(targetTerrainHorizonDistanceFromTargetKm)
+                && Double.isFinite(targetTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg);
+    }
+
+    public String effectiveEarthRadiusText() {
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "k = %.2f effective Earth radius",
+                effectiveEarthRadiusFactor
+        );
+    }
+
+    public String simpleRadioHorizonText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(homeSimpleRadioHorizonKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(targetSimpleRadioHorizonKm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(combinedSimpleRadioHorizonKm)) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "Home %.1f km | DX %.1f km | combined %.1f km",
+                homeSimpleRadioHorizonKm,
+                targetSimpleRadioHorizonKm,
+                combinedSimpleRadioHorizonKm
+        );
+    }
+
+    public String terrainHorizonText() {
+        String homeText = hasHomeTerrainHorizon()
+                ? String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "Home %.1f km / %+.2f°",
+                homeTerrainHorizonPathDistanceKm,
+                homeTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg
+        )
+                : "Home -";
+
+        String targetText = hasTargetTerrainHorizon()
+                ? String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "DX %.1f km from DX / %+.2f°",
+                targetTerrainHorizonDistanceFromTargetKm,
+                targetTerrainHorizonElevationAngleDeg
+        )
+                : "DX -";
+
+        return homeText + " | " + targetText;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathLinkBudgetSettings.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * User/configuration values for the path link-budget estimate.
+ *
+ * <p>All antenna gains are dBi. If the user knows dBd values, add 2.15 dB
+ * before entering them as dBi. Example: 12 dBd = 14.15 dBi.</p>
+ */
+public record PathLinkBudgetSettings(
+        double ownTxPowerWatts,
+        double ownAntennaGainDbi,
+        double targetTxPowerWatts,
+        double targetAntennaGainDbi,
+        double vhfFeederLossPerStationDb,
+        double feederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz,
+        double maxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb,
+        double requiredSsbSignalDbm,
+        double requiredCwSignalDbm,
+        double contestMarginDb
+) {
+
+    public static PathLinkBudgetSettings defaults() {
+        return new PathLinkBudgetSettings(
+                750.0,
+                8.0,
+                100.0,
+                8.0,
+                2.0,
+                2.0,
+                20.0,
+                -126.0,
+                -132.0,
+                6.0
+        );
+    }
+
+    public PathLinkBudgetSettings {
+        ownTxPowerWatts = sanitizePositive(ownTxPowerWatts, 750.0);
+        ownAntennaGainDbi = sanitizeFinite(ownAntennaGainDbi, 8.0);
+
+        targetTxPowerWatts = sanitizePositive(targetTxPowerWatts, 100.0);
+        targetAntennaGainDbi = sanitizeFinite(targetAntennaGainDbi, 8.0);
+
+        vhfFeederLossPerStationDb = sanitizeNonNegative(vhfFeederLossPerStationDb, 2.0);
+        feederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz = sanitizeNonNegative(feederLossIncreaseDbPer200MHz, 2.0);
+        maxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb = sanitizeNonNegative(maxEstimatedFeederLossPerStationDb, 20.0);
+
+        requiredSsbSignalDbm = sanitizeFinite(requiredSsbSignalDbm, -126.0);
+        requiredCwSignalDbm = sanitizeFinite(requiredCwSignalDbm, -132.0);
+        contestMarginDb = sanitizeNonNegative(contestMarginDb, 6.0);
+    }
+
+    private static double sanitizePositive(double value, double fallback) {
+        return Double.isFinite(value) && value > 0.0 ? value : fallback;
+    }
+
+    private static double sanitizeNonNegative(double value, double fallback) {
+        return Double.isFinite(value) && value >= 0.0 ? value : fallback;
+    }
+
+    private static double sanitizeFinite(double value, double fallback) {
+        return Double.isFinite(value) ? value : fallback;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathLinkBudgetSummary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Bidirectional link-budget estimate for one path.
+ *
+ * <p>The estimate is intentionally operator-facing. It combines free-space
+ * loss, the current diffraction/obstruction estimate, antenna gain, feeder loss,
+ * TX power and required SSB/CW receiver levels.</p>
+ */
+public record PathLinkBudgetSummary(
+        double frequencyMHz,
+
+        double ownTxPowerDbm,
+        double targetTxPowerDbm,
+        double ownAntennaGainDbi,
+        double targetAntennaGainDbi,
+
+        double ownFeederLossDb,
+        double targetFeederLossDb,
+        double freeSpacePathLossDb,
+        double diffractionLossDb,
+
+        double homeToTargetRxPowerDbm,
+        double targetToHomeRxPowerDbm,
+
+        double requiredSsbSignalDbm,
+        double requiredCwSignalDbm,
+        double contestMarginDb,
+
+        double homeToTargetSsbMarginDb,
+        double targetToHomeSsbMarginDb,
+        double bidirectionalSsbMarginDb,
+
+        double homeToTargetCwMarginDb,
+        double targetToHomeCwMarginDb,
+        double bidirectionalCwMarginDb
+) {
+
+    public static PathLinkBudgetSummary empty() {
+        return new PathLinkBudgetSummary(
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN
+        );
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableBudget() {
+        return Double.isFinite(bidirectionalSsbMarginDb);
+    }
+
+    public String ssbMarginText() {
+        if (!hasUsableBudget()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "SSB QSO margin %+.1f dB | H→DX %+.1f dB | DX→H %+.1f dB",
+                bidirectionalSsbMarginDb,
+                homeToTargetSsbMarginDb,
+                targetToHomeSsbMarginDb
+        );
+    }
+
+    public String rxPowerText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(homeToTargetRxPowerDbm)
+                || !Double.isFinite(targetToHomeRxPowerDbm)) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "H→DX %.1f dBm | DX→H %.1f dBm",
+                homeToTargetRxPowerDbm,
+                targetToHomeRxPowerDbm
+        );
+    }
+
+    public String linkBudgetDetailText() {
+        if (!hasUsableBudget()) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "FSPL %.1f dB, diffraction %.1f dB, feeder H %.1f dB / DX %.1f dB, required SSB %.1f dBm + %.1f dB margin",
+                freeSpacePathLossDb,
+                diffractionLossDb,
+                ownFeederLossDb,
+                targetFeederLossDb,
+                requiredSsbSignalDbm,
+                contestMarginDb
+        );
+    }
+
+    public String cwHintText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(bidirectionalCwMarginDb)) {
+            return "-";
+        }
+
+        if (bidirectionalSsbMarginDb >= 0.0) {
+            return String.format(Locale.US, "SSB workable; CW margin %+.1f dB.", bidirectionalCwMarginDb);
+        }
+
+        if (bidirectionalCwMarginDb >= 0.0) {
+            return String.format(Locale.US, "SSB marginal/weak, but CW may still be workable (%+.1f dB).", bidirectionalCwMarginDb);
+        }
+
+        return String.format(Locale.US, "Even CW budget is negative (%+.1f dB).", bidirectionalCwMarginDb);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathObstructionSummary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Summary of the dominant terrain obstruction and a rough single-knife-edge
+ * diffraction estimate.
+ *
+ * <p>This is intentionally only a severity indicator. It does not replace a full
+ * propagation model with multiple diffraction edges, clutter, refractivity,
+ * troposcatter, aircraft scatter or ducting.</p>
+ */
+public record PathObstructionSummary(
+        double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+
+        int dominantObstructionSampleIndex,
+        double dominantObstructionPathDistanceKm,
+        double dominantObstructionHeightAboveLosMeters,
+        double localFirstFresnelRadiusMeters,
+        double obstructionFresnelRatio,
+        double diffractionVParameter,
+        double estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb,
+
+        int worstFresnelIntrusionSampleIndex,
+        double worstFresnelIntrusionPathDistanceKm,
+        double worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+        double worstFresnelIntrusionRatio
+) {
+
+    public static PathObstructionSummary empty() {
+        return new PathObstructionSummary(
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                -1,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN
+        );
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasDominantLosObstruction() {
+        return dominantObstructionSampleIndex >= 0
+                && Double.isFinite(dominantObstructionPathDistanceKm)
+                && Double.isFinite(dominantObstructionHeightAboveLosMeters)
+                && dominantObstructionHeightAboveLosMeters > 0.0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasFresnelIntrusion() {
+        return worstFresnelIntrusionSampleIndex >= 0
+                && Double.isFinite(worstFresnelIntrusionMeters)
+                && worstFresnelIntrusionMeters > 0.0;
+    }
+
+    public String obstructionText() {
+        if (hasDominantLosObstruction()) {
+            return String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "%.1f km | %.1f m above LOS | %.2f Fresnel radii | knife-edge ≈ %.1f dB (%s)",
+                    dominantObstructionPathDistanceKm,
+                    dominantObstructionHeightAboveLosMeters,
+                    obstructionFresnelRatio,
+                    estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb,
+                    severityText()
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (hasFresnelIntrusion()) {
+            return String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "No LOS-blocking edge. Fresnel intrusion %.1f m at %.1f km (%.0f%%).",
+                    worstFresnelIntrusionMeters,
+                    worstFresnelIntrusionPathDistanceKm,
+                    worstFresnelIntrusionRatio * 100.0
+            );
+        }
+
+        return "No dominant LOS obstruction detected.";
+    }
+
+    public String severityText() {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb)) {
+            return "unknown";
+        }
+
+        if (estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb < 6.0) {
+            return "low";
+        }
+
+        if (estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb < 15.0) {
+            return "moderate";
+        }
+
+        if (estimatedKnifeEdgeLossDb < 25.0) {
+            return "high";
+        }
+
+        return "severe";
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathProfilePoint.java

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable terrain sample plus optional derived radio-path geometry.
+ *
+ * <p>The first four properties are the raw terrain profile payload:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>distance along the path in kilometers</li>
+ *     <li>sample latitude in degrees</li>
+ *     <li>sample longitude in degrees</li>
+ *     <li>terrain elevation in meters above mean sea level</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The remaining properties are optional derived values filled by
+ * {@link GeometryOnlyPathAnalysisService}. They are all expressed in the
+ * same chart/analysis space as the curvature-adjusted terrain profile:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>curvature-adjusted terrain elevation</li>
+ *     <li>direct line-of-sight height</li>
+ *     <li>upper / lower first Fresnel hull</li>
+ *     <li>LOS and Fresnel clearances</li>
+ *     <li>worst-intrusion support values</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public final class PathProfilePoint {
+
+    private final int sampleIndex;
+    private final double distanceKm;
+    private final double latitudeDeg;
+    private final double longitudeDeg;
+    private final double elevationMeters;
+
+    private final double curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters;
+    private final double lineOfSightHeightMeters;
+    private final double fresnelUpperHeightMeters;
+    private final double fresnelLowerHeightMeters;
+    private final double lineOfSightClearanceMeters;
+    private final double lowerFresnelClearanceMeters;
+    private final double fresnelIntrusionMeters;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a raw terrain profile sample without derived LOS/Fresnel values.
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is used by terrain providers and cache deserialization.
+     * Derived geometry values remain unavailable until the path analysis service
+     * enriches the profile.</p>
+     *
+     * @param distanceKm distance from the path origin in kilometers
+     * @param latitudeDeg sample latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg sample longitude in degrees
+     * @param elevationMeters terrain elevation in meters above mean sea level
+     */
+    public PathProfilePoint(double distanceKm,
+                            double latitudeDeg,
+                            double longitudeDeg,
+                            double elevationMeters) {
+        this(
+                -1,
+                distanceKm,
+                latitudeDeg,
+                longitudeDeg,
+                elevationMeters,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN,
+                Double.NaN
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a terrain profile sample enriched with derived radio-path geometry.
+     *
+     * @param sampleIndex zero-based sample index in the analyzed path
+     * @param distanceKm distance from the path origin in kilometers
+     * @param latitudeDeg sample latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg sample longitude in degrees
+     * @param elevationMeters raw terrain elevation in meters above mean sea level
+     * @param curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters terrain elevation plus Earth bulge in meters
+     * @param lineOfSightHeightMeters direct path height in the same chart space
+     * @param fresnelUpperHeightMeters upper first Fresnel hull in the same chart space
+     * @param fresnelLowerHeightMeters lower first Fresnel hull in the same chart space
+     * @param lineOfSightClearanceMeters direct LOS clearance against curvature-adjusted terrain
+     * @param lowerFresnelClearanceMeters lower Fresnel clearance against curvature-adjusted terrain
+     * @param fresnelIntrusionMeters terrain intrusion into the lower Fresnel hull
+     */
+    public PathProfilePoint(int sampleIndex,
+                            double distanceKm,
+                            double latitudeDeg,
+                            double longitudeDeg,
+                            double elevationMeters,
+                            double curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters,
+                            double lineOfSightHeightMeters,
+                            double fresnelUpperHeightMeters,
+                            double fresnelLowerHeightMeters,
+                            double lineOfSightClearanceMeters,
+                            double lowerFresnelClearanceMeters,
+                            double fresnelIntrusionMeters) {
+
+        this.sampleIndex = sampleIndex;
+        this.distanceKm = distanceKm;
+        this.latitudeDeg = latitudeDeg;
+        this.longitudeDeg = longitudeDeg;
+        this.elevationMeters = elevationMeters;
+        this.curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters = curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters;
+        this.lineOfSightHeightMeters = lineOfSightHeightMeters;
+        this.fresnelUpperHeightMeters = fresnelUpperHeightMeters;
+        this.fresnelLowerHeightMeters = fresnelLowerHeightMeters;
+        this.lineOfSightClearanceMeters = lineOfSightClearanceMeters;
+        this.lowerFresnelClearanceMeters = lowerFresnelClearanceMeters;
+        this.fresnelIntrusionMeters = fresnelIntrusionMeters;
+    }
+
+    public int sampleIndex() {
+        return sampleIndex;
+    }
+
+    public double distanceKm() {
+        return distanceKm;
+    }
+
+    public double latitudeDeg() {
+        return latitudeDeg;
+    }
+
+    public double longitudeDeg() {
+        return longitudeDeg;
+    }
+
+    public double elevationMeters() {
+        return elevationMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters() {
+        return curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double lineOfSightHeightMeters() {
+        return lineOfSightHeightMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double fresnelUpperHeightMeters() {
+        return fresnelUpperHeightMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double fresnelLowerHeightMeters() {
+        return fresnelLowerHeightMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double lineOfSightClearanceMeters() {
+        return lineOfSightClearanceMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double lowerFresnelClearanceMeters() {
+        return lowerFresnelClearanceMeters;
+    }
+
+    public double fresnelIntrusionMeters() {
+        return fresnelIntrusionMeters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if enriched LOS/Fresnel geometry is available.
+     *
+     * @return true if this sample was enriched by the path analysis service
+     */
+    public boolean hasDerivedGeometry() {
+        return Double.isFinite(curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters)
+                || Double.isFinite(lineOfSightHeightMeters)
+                || Double.isFinite(fresnelUpperHeightMeters)
+                || Double.isFinite(fresnelLowerHeightMeters);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the terrain blocks the direct line of sight at this sample.
+     *
+     * @return true if the LOS clearance is negative
+     */
+    public boolean isLineOfSightBlocked() {
+        return Double.isFinite(lineOfSightClearanceMeters) && lineOfSightClearanceMeters < 0.0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the terrain intrudes into the lower Fresnel hull.
+     *
+     * @return true if Fresnel intrusion is positive
+     */
+    public boolean hasFresnelIntrusion() {
+        return Double.isFinite(fresnelIntrusionMeters) && fresnelIntrusionMeters > 0.0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.ROOT,
+                "PathProfilePoint{index=%d, distanceKm=%.3f, lat=%.6f, lon=%.6f, elevation=%.2f, curvature=%.2f, los=%.2f, fresnelLower=%.2f, intrusion=%.2f}",
+                sampleIndex,
+                distanceKm,
+                latitudeDeg,
+                longitudeDeg,
+                elevationMeters,
+                curvatureAdjustedElevationMeters,
+                lineOfSightHeightMeters,
+                fresnelLowerHeightMeters,
+                fresnelIntrusionMeters
+        );
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/PathPropagationAssessment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Operator-facing propagation assessment derived from geometric path analysis.
+ *
+ * <p>This class deliberately avoids binary "possible/impossible" wording.
+ * VHF/UHF paths can work despite blocked geometric LOS due to diffraction,
+ * troposcatter, enhanced tropospheric refraction, ducting or aircraft scatter.</p>
+ */
+public record PathPropagationAssessment(
+        String category,
+        String shortText,
+        String detailText,
+        String likelyMechanisms,
+        int severityLevel
+) {
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment unknown() {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Unknown",
+                "No propagation assessment available.",
+                "No usable terrain/profile data is available.",
+                "-",
+                0
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment directFavorable() {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Direct path favorable",
+                "Direct path likely",
+                "The geometric line of sight and the first Fresnel zone are clear. A direct tropospheric path is plausible.",
+                "Direct tropospheric path",
+                1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment directLossy(double fresnelIntrusionRatio) {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Direct path lossy",
+                "Direct path plausible, but lossy",
+                String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "The direct line of sight is clear, but the first Fresnel zone is obstructed by about %.0f%% of the local Fresnel radius. Expect additional loss.",
+                        fresnelIntrusionRatio * 100.0
+                ),
+                "Direct path with Fresnel loss, possible mild diffraction",
+                2
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment diffractionPlausible(double knifeEdgeLossDb) {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Diffraction plausible",
+                "Obstructed, diffraction may still be plausible",
+                String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "The direct geometric path is blocked, but the rough single-knife-edge estimate is moderate at about %.1f dB. A QSO may still be possible with sufficient antennas, power and conditions.",
+                        knifeEdgeLossDb
+                ),
+                "Terrain diffraction, tropo enhancement",
+                3
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment obstructedNeedsHelp(double knifeEdgeLossDb) {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Obstructed",
+                "Obstructed, enhanced propagation likely required",
+                String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "The geometric path is blocked and the rough single-knife-edge estimate is high at about %.1f dB. Direct diffraction alone may be weak; tropo enhancement or scatter mechanisms become more relevant.",
+                        knifeEdgeLossDb
+                ),
+                "Diffraction, troposcatter, tropo enhancement, aircraft scatter",
+                4
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment severelyObstructed(double knifeEdgeLossDb) {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Severely obstructed",
+                "Severely obstructed, special propagation probably required",
+                String.format(
+                        Locale.US,
+                        "The geometric path is strongly blocked. The rough single-knife-edge estimate is about %.1f dB, so a normal direct path is unlikely. This does not mean impossible on VHF/UHF, but special propagation is probably needed.",
+                        knifeEdgeLossDb
+                ),
+                "Aircraft scatter, tropo ducting/enhancement, troposcatter, strong diffraction only in exceptional cases",
+                5
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static PathPropagationAssessment blockedNoLossEstimate() {
+        return new PathPropagationAssessment(
+                "Blocked",
+                "Geometrically blocked",
+                "The geometric line of sight is blocked. No reliable diffraction-loss estimate is available for this profile.",
+                "Diffraction, tropo enhancement, troposcatter, aircraft scatter",
+                4
+        );
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/StationMapBridge.java

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import javafx.animation.PauseTransition;
+import javafx.application.Platform;
+import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener;
+import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
+import javafx.util.Duration;
+import kst4contest.controller.ChatController;
+import kst4contest.locatorUtils.Location;
+import kst4contest.model.ChatMember;
+import kst4contest.model.ChatPreferences;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/**
+ * Synchronizes the application state with the station map window.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - observes the visible filtered table content
+ * - observes the central selection
+ * - forwards marker clicks back into the main application
+ * - triggers explicit DXCluster spots from the map detail panel
+ */
+public final class StationMapBridge {
+
+    private final ExecutorService pathAnalysisExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new PathAnalysisThreadFactory());
+    private final AtomicLong pathAnalysisGeneration = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+    private final ChatController chatController;
+    private final TableView<ChatMember> chatMemberTable;
+    private final StationMapView stationMapView;
+    private final Consumer<ChatMember> focusChatMemberConsumer;
+
+
+
+
+
+    private final MapCallsignRawSnapshotBuilder snapshotBuilder = new MapCallsignRawSnapshotBuilder();
+//    private final OfflineDemManager offlineDemManager = new OfflineDemManager();
+    private final PathAnalysisService pathAnalysisService;
+
+    private String lastPathAnalysisRequestSignature = "";
+
+    private final PauseTransition refreshCoalescer = new PauseTransition(Duration.seconds(1.0));
+
+    public StationMapBridge(ChatController chatController,
+                            TableView<ChatMember> chatMemberTable,
+                            StationMapView stationMapView,
+                            Consumer<ChatMember> focusChatMemberConsumer) {
+
+        this.chatController = Objects.requireNonNull(chatController, "chatController");
+        this.chatMemberTable = Objects.requireNonNull(chatMemberTable, "chatMemberTable");
+        this.stationMapView = Objects.requireNonNull(stationMapView, "stationMapView");
+        this.focusChatMemberConsumer = Objects.requireNonNull(focusChatMemberConsumer, "focusChatMemberConsumer");
+
+        this.refreshCoalescer.setOnFinished(event -> refreshNow());
+
+        this.pathAnalysisService = new GeometryOnlyPathAnalysisService(
+                new OpenMeteoTerrainProfileProvider()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void install() {
+        stationMapView.setOnCallsignRawSelected(this::handleMapCallsignSelection);
+        stationMapView.setOnTriggerClusterSpot(this::handleExplicitClusterSpot);
+
+        chatController.getLst_chatMemberSortedFilteredList().addListener(
+                (ListChangeListener<ChatMember>) change -> scheduleRefresh()
+        );
+
+        chatController.getScoreService().selectedChatMemberProperty().addListener(
+                (obs, oldValue, newValue) -> requestImmediateRefresh()
+        );
+
+        chatController.getChatPreferences().getActualQTF().addListener(
+                (obs, oldValue, newValue) -> scheduleRefresh()
+        );
+
+        requestImmediateRefresh();
+    }
+
+    public void showWindow() {
+        stationMapView.showWindow();
+        requestImmediateRefresh();
+    }
+
+    public void hideWindow() {
+        stationMapView.hideWindow();
+    }
+
+    public void toggleWindow() {
+        if (stationMapView.isShowing()) {
+            hideWindow();
+        } else {
+            showWindow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void requestImmediateRefresh() {
+        if (Platform.isFxApplicationThread()) {
+            refreshNow();
+        } else {
+            Platform.runLater(this::refreshNow);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void focusSelectedCallsign() {
+        showWindow();
+
+        ChatMember selectedChatMember = chatController.getScoreService().getSelectedChatMember();
+        if (selectedChatMember != null && selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw() != null) {
+            stationMapView.focusCallsignRaw(selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void applyThemeFromPreferences() {
+        if (Platform.isFxApplicationThread()) {
+            stationMapView.applyThemeFromPreferences();
+        } else {
+            Platform.runLater(stationMapView::applyThemeFromPreferences);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleRefresh() {
+        if (Platform.isFxApplicationThread()) {
+            refreshCoalescer.playFromStart();
+        } else {
+            Platform.runLater(() -> refreshCoalescer.playFromStart());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void refreshNow() {
+        List<ChatMember> visibleChatMembers = new ArrayList<>(chatController.getLst_chatMemberSortedFilteredList());
+        ChatMember selectedChatMember = chatController.getScoreService().getSelectedChatMember();
+
+        List<MapCallsignRawSnapshot> snapshots = snapshotBuilder.buildSnapshots(visibleChatMembers, selectedChatMember);
+
+        MapCallsignRawSnapshot selectedSnapshot = null;
+        if (selectedChatMember != null && selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw() != null) {
+            String selectedCallsignRaw = normalizeCallsignRaw(selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw());
+            selectedSnapshot = snapshots.stream()
+                    .filter(snapshot -> snapshot.callSignRaw().equals(selectedCallsignRaw))
+                    .findFirst()
+                    .orElse(null);
+        }
+
+        boolean filteredViewActive = visibleChatMembers.size() < chatController.getLst_chatMemberList().size();
+
+        ChatPreferences preferences = chatController.getChatPreferences();
+
+        stationMapView.refreshMap(
+                snapshots,
+                selectedSnapshot,
+                preferences.getStn_loginLocatorMainCat(),
+                preferences.getActualQTF().get(),
+                preferences.getStn_antennaBeamWidthDeg(),
+                preferences.getStn_maxQRBDefault(),
+                filteredViewActive
+        );
+
+        requestPathAnalysisAsync(preferences.getStn_loginLocatorMainCat(), selectedSnapshot);
+    }
+
+    private void requestPathAnalysisAsync(String ownLocator6, MapCallsignRawSnapshot selectedSnapshot) {
+        String normalizedOwnLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(ownLocator6);
+
+        String requestSignature = buildPathAnalysisRequestSignature(normalizedOwnLocator6, selectedSnapshot);
+
+        if (selectedSnapshot == null) {
+            lastPathAnalysisRequestSignature = "";
+        } else if (requestSignature.equals(lastPathAnalysisRequestSignature)) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            lastPathAnalysisRequestSignature = requestSignature;
+        }
+
+        if (selectedSnapshot == null) {
+            long generation = pathAnalysisGeneration.incrementAndGet();
+            Platform.runLater(() -> {
+                if (generation == pathAnalysisGeneration.get()) {
+                    stationMapView.setPathAnalysisResult(PathAnalysisResult.waitingForSelection(normalizedOwnLocator6));
+                }
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String normalizedTargetLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(selectedSnapshot.locator6());
+        String targetCallsignRaw = selectedSnapshot.callSignRaw();
+
+        long generation = pathAnalysisGeneration.incrementAndGet();
+
+        stationMapView.setPathAnalysisResult(
+                PathAnalysisResult.loading(normalizedOwnLocator6, normalizedTargetLocator6, targetCallsignRaw)
+        );
+
+        pathAnalysisExecutor.submit(() -> {
+            PathAnalysisResult result = buildPathAnalysisResult(normalizedOwnLocator6, selectedSnapshot);
+
+            Platform.runLater(() -> {
+                if (generation != pathAnalysisGeneration.get()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                stationMapView.setPathAnalysisResult(result);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void dispose() {
+        pathAnalysisExecutor.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    private void handleMapCallsignSelection(String callSignRaw) {
+        System.out.println("########################### map selected callsign " + callSignRaw);
+
+        ChatMember resolved = resolveBestChatMember(callSignRaw);
+        if (resolved == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Platform.runLater(() -> {
+            chatController.getScoreService().setSelectedChatMember(resolved);
+
+            chatMemberTable.getSelectionModel().select(resolved);
+            chatMemberTable.scrollTo(resolved);
+
+            focusChatMemberConsumer.accept(resolved);
+            requestImmediateRefresh();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void handleExplicitClusterSpot(String callSignRaw) {
+        ChatMember resolved = resolveBestChatMember(callSignRaw);
+        if (resolved == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (chatController.getDxClusterServer() != null) {
+            chatController.getDxClusterServer().broadcastSingleDXClusterEntryToLoggers(resolved);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ChatMember resolveBestChatMember(String callSignRaw) {
+        String normalizedCallsignRaw = normalizeCallsignRaw(callSignRaw);
+        if (normalizedCallsignRaw.isBlank()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ChatMember selectedChatMember = chatController.getScoreService().getSelectedChatMember();
+        if (selectedChatMember != null
+                && normalizedCallsignRaw.equals(normalizeCallsignRaw(selectedChatMember.getCallSignRaw()))) {
+            return selectedChatMember;
+        }
+
+        ChatMember visibleBest = chatMemberTable.getItems().stream()
+                .filter(chatMember -> chatMember != null)
+                .filter(chatMember -> normalizedCallsignRaw.equals(normalizeCallsignRaw(chatMember.getCallSignRaw())))
+                .max(Comparator.comparingLong(ChatMember::getActivityTimeLastInEpoch))
+                .orElse(null);
+
+        if (visibleBest != null) {
+            return visibleBest;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (chatController.getLst_chatMemberList()) {
+            return chatController.getLst_chatMemberList().stream()
+                    .filter(chatMember -> chatMember != null)
+                    .filter(chatMember -> normalizedCallsignRaw.equals(normalizeCallsignRaw(chatMember.getCallSignRaw())))
+                    .max(Comparator.comparingLong(ChatMember::getActivityTimeLastInEpoch))
+                    .orElse(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeCallsignRaw(String callSignRaw) {
+        if (callSignRaw == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return callSignRaw.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private PathAnalysisResult buildPathAnalysisResult(String ownLocator6, MapCallsignRawSnapshot selectedSnapshot) {
+        String normalizedOwnLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(ownLocator6);
+
+        if (selectedSnapshot == null) {
+            return PathAnalysisResult.waitingForSelection(normalizedOwnLocator6);
+        }
+
+        String normalizedTargetLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(selectedSnapshot.locator6());
+
+        if (normalizedOwnLocator6.length() != 6) {
+            return PathAnalysisResult.waitingForValidHomeLocator(normalizedOwnLocator6, normalizedTargetLocator6);
+        }
+
+        if (!selectedSnapshot.hasUsablePosition()) {
+            return PathAnalysisResult.waitingForValidTarget(normalizedOwnLocator6, normalizedTargetLocator6);
+        }
+
+        Location homeLocation = new Location(normalizedOwnLocator6);
+        double analysisFrequencyMHz = resolveAnalysisFrequencyMHz(selectedSnapshot);
+
+        PathAnalysisRequest request = new PathAnalysisRequest(
+                normalizedOwnLocator6,
+                homeLocation.getLatitude().toDegrees(),
+                homeLocation.getLongitude().toDegrees(),
+                selectedSnapshot.callSignRaw(),
+                normalizedTargetLocator6,
+                selectedSnapshot.latitudeDeg(),
+                selectedSnapshot.longitudeDeg(),
+                analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                chatController.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters(),
+                chatController.getChatPreferences().getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters(),
+                PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_EARTH_RADIUS_FACTOR,
+                chatController.getChatPreferences().buildPathLinkBudgetSettings()
+        );
+
+        return pathAnalysisService.analyze(request);
+    }
+
+    private double resolveAnalysisFrequencyMHz(MapCallsignRawSnapshot selectedSnapshot) {
+        if (selectedSnapshot == null) {
+            return PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_ANALYSIS_FREQUENCY_MHZ;
+        }
+
+        return PathGeometryUtils.resolveAnalysisFrequencyMHz(selectedSnapshot.lastKnownFrequenciesByBand());
+    }
+
+
+
+    private String buildPathAnalysisRequestSignature(String ownLocator6, MapCallsignRawSnapshot selectedSnapshot) {
+        if (selectedSnapshot == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        double analysisFrequencyMHz = resolveAnalysisFrequencyMHz(selectedSnapshot);
+        ChatPreferences preferences = chatController.getChatPreferences();
+
+        return normalizeLocator6(ownLocator6)
+                + "|"
+                + selectedSnapshot.callSignRaw()
+                + "|"
+                + normalizeLocator6(selectedSnapshot.locator6())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.5f", selectedSnapshot.latitudeDeg())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.5f", selectedSnapshot.longitudeDeg())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.3f", analysisFrequencyMHz)
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaHeightMeters())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaHeightMeters())
+                + "|"
+                + preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisDemRootDirectory()
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisOwnTxPowerWatts())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.2f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisOwnAntennaGainDbi())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.1f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetTxPowerWatts())
+                + "|"
+                + String.format(Locale.US, "%.2f", preferences.getStn_pathAnalysisDefaultTargetAntennaGainDbi());
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeLocator6(String locator) {
+        if (locator == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return locator.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static final class PathAnalysisThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
+        @Override
+        public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
+            Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "station-map-path-analysis");
+            thread.setDaemon(true);
+            return thread;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/SyntheticTerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Deterministic synthetic fallback profile provider for UI/testing.
+ *
+ * This provider intentionally stays fully offline and deterministic.
+ * It is only used when no real offline DEM data is available.
+ */
+public final class SyntheticTerrainProfileProvider implements TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    @Override
+    public TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request) {
+        if (request == null || !request.hasUsableEndpoints() || request.requestedSampleCount() < 2) {
+            return TerrainProfileData.empty("Synthetic fallback profile");
+        }
+
+        int sampleCount = Math.max(2, request.requestedSampleCount());
+        List<PathProfilePoint> points = new ArrayList<>(sampleCount);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++) {
+            double t = sampleCount == 1 ? 0.0 : (double) i / (double) (sampleCount - 1);
+
+            double latitudeDeg = interpolate(request.fromLatitudeDeg(), request.toLatitudeDeg(), t);
+            double longitudeDeg = interpolate(request.fromLongitudeDeg(), request.toLongitudeDeg(), t);
+            double distanceKm = request.totalDistanceKm() * t;
+
+            double elevationMeters = syntheticElevationMeters(t, request.totalDistanceKm());
+
+            points.add(new PathProfilePoint(
+                    distanceKm,
+                    latitudeDeg,
+                    longitudeDeg,
+                    elevationMeters
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return new TerrainProfileData(points, "Synthetic fallback profile", true);
+    }
+
+    private double interpolate(double start, double end, double t) {
+        return start + (end - start) * t;
+    }
+
+    private double syntheticElevationMeters(double t, double totalDistanceKm) {
+        double baseLevelMeters = 80.0 + Math.min(60.0, totalDistanceKm * 0.12);
+
+        double broadHill = 90.0 * Math.sin(Math.PI * t);
+        double window = Math.pow(Math.sin(Math.PI * t), 1.35);
+        double secondaryShape = window * 28.0 * Math.sin(3.0 * Math.PI * t + 0.55);
+        double fineStructure = window * 10.0 * Math.cos(7.0 * Math.PI * t + 0.25);
+
+        return Math.max(0.0, baseLevelMeters + broadHill + secondaryShape + fineStructure);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainCatalog.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable terrain catalog describing all downloadable terrain packages
+ * currently offered by the service.
+ *
+ * <p>The catalog intentionally contains the required attribution/license texts
+ * so they can later be shown both in the client UI and in service responses.</p>
+ */
+public record TerrainCatalog(
+        int schemaVersion,
+        int catalogVersion,
+        String generatedAtUtc,
+        String regionSet,
+        String packageBaseUrl,
+        String sourceAttribution,
+        String licenseNotice,
+        String disclaimerNotice,
+        List<TerrainCatalogPackageEntry> packages
+) {
+
+    public TerrainCatalog {
+        generatedAtUtc = normalizeText(generatedAtUtc);
+        regionSet = normalizeLower(regionSet);
+        packageBaseUrl = normalizeText(packageBaseUrl);
+        sourceAttribution = normalizeText(sourceAttribution);
+        licenseNotice = normalizeText(licenseNotice);
+        disclaimerNotice = normalizeText(disclaimerNotice);
+        packages = packages == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(packages);
+
+        if (schemaVersion < 0) {
+            schemaVersion = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (catalogVersion < 0) {
+            catalogVersion = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the catalog contains at least one package entry.
+     *
+     * @return true if the catalog is non-empty
+     */
+    public boolean hasPackages() {
+        return !packages.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds one package entry by its canonical package id.
+     *
+     * @param packageId canonical package id
+     * @return matching catalog entry if found
+     */
+    public Optional<TerrainCatalogPackageEntry> findPackageById(String packageId) {
+        String normalizedPackageId = normalizeLower(packageId);
+
+        return packages.stream()
+                .filter(entry -> entry.packageId().equals(normalizedPackageId))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds one package entry by region type and region id.
+     *
+     * @param regionType region type, e.g. "maidenhead4"
+     * @param regionId region id, e.g. "JO22"
+     * @return matching package entry if found
+     */
+    public Optional<TerrainCatalogPackageEntry> findPackageByRegion(String regionType, String regionId) {
+        String normalizedRegionType = normalizeLower(regionType);
+        String normalizedRegionId = normalizeUpper(regionId);
+
+        return packages.stream()
+                .filter(entry -> entry.regionType().equals(normalizedRegionType))
+                .filter(entry -> entry.regionId().equals(normalizedRegionId))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeText(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeLower(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainCatalogClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.ApplicationConstants;
+import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+
+import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Downloads and parses the terrain package catalog.
+ *
+ * <p>The first implementation intentionally uses XML instead of JSON because:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>the current project already contains XML parsing patterns</li>
+ *     <li>no additional JSON dependency is required</li>
+ *     <li>we can move faster toward a working package download/install flow</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The parsed result still maps into the shared terrain catalog model classes.</p>
+ */
+public final class TerrainCatalogClient {
+
+    private static final String LOCAL_TERRAIN_CATALOG_RELATIVE_PATH = "terrain/catalog/terrain-catalog-v1.xml";
+
+    private final HttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public TerrainCatalogClient() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+                .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NORMAL)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads the remote XML catalog and stores it below the local .praktiKST directory.
+     *
+     * @param catalogUrl full catalog URL
+     * @return download result
+     */
+    public CatalogDownloadResult downloadCatalog(String catalogUrl) {
+        Path localCatalogFile = resolveLocalCatalogFile();
+
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(localCatalogFile.getParent());
+
+            HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+                    .uri(URI.create(catalogUrl))
+                    .GET()
+                    .build();
+
+            HttpResponse<Path> response = httpClient.send(
+                    httpRequest,
+                    HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofFile(localCatalogFile)
+            );
+
+            if (response.statusCode() < 200 || response.statusCode() >= 300) {
+                return new CatalogDownloadResult(
+                        localCatalogFile,
+                        false,
+                        "Catalog download failed with HTTP status " + response.statusCode() + "."
+                );
+            }
+
+            return new CatalogDownloadResult(
+                    localCatalogFile,
+                    true,
+                    "Catalog downloaded successfully to:\n" + localCatalogFile.toAbsolutePath()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return new CatalogDownloadResult(
+                    localCatalogFile,
+                    false,
+                    "Catalog download failed: " + exception.getMessage()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads the previously downloaded local catalog file.
+     *
+     * @return parsed catalog load result
+     */
+    public CatalogLoadResult loadLocalCatalog() {
+        return loadCatalog(resolveLocalCatalogFile());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads and parses one XML catalog file.
+     *
+     * @param catalogFile local catalog XML file
+     * @return parsed catalog load result
+     */
+    public CatalogLoadResult loadCatalog(Path catalogFile) {
+        if (catalogFile == null || !Files.isRegularFile(catalogFile)) {
+            return new CatalogLoadResult(
+                    null,
+                    catalogFile,
+                    false,
+                    "Local terrain catalog file does not exist."
+            );
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Document document = parseXmlDocument(catalogFile.toFile());
+            TerrainCatalog terrainCatalog = parseTerrainCatalog(document);
+
+            return new CatalogLoadResult(
+                    terrainCatalog,
+                    catalogFile,
+                    terrainCatalog != null && terrainCatalog.hasPackages(),
+                    terrainCatalog != null && terrainCatalog.hasPackages()
+                            ? "Terrain catalog loaded successfully."
+                            : "Terrain catalog was loaded but contains no packages."
+            );
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return new CatalogLoadResult(
+                    null,
+                    catalogFile,
+                    false,
+                    "Could not parse terrain catalog: " + exception.getMessage()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Path resolveLocalCatalogFile() {
+        return Path.of(ApplicationFileUtils.getFilePath(
+                ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                LOCAL_TERRAIN_CATALOG_RELATIVE_PATH
+        ));
+    }
+
+    private Document parseXmlDocument(File xmlFile) throws Exception {
+        DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+        documentBuilderFactory.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+
+        DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
+        return documentBuilder.parse(xmlFile);
+    }
+
+    private TerrainCatalog parseTerrainCatalog(Document document) {
+        Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
+        if (root == null || !"terrainCatalog".equals(root.getTagName())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected catalog root element.");
+        }
+
+        int schemaVersion = parseIntAttribute(root, "schemaVersion", 1);
+        int catalogVersion = parseIntAttribute(root, "catalogVersion", 1);
+        String generatedAtUtc = root.getAttribute("generatedAtUtc");
+        String regionSet = root.getAttribute("regionSet");
+        String packageBaseUrl = root.getAttribute("packageBaseUrl");
+
+        String sourceAttribution = getDirectChildText(root, "sourceAttribution");
+        String licenseNotice = getDirectChildText(root, "licenseNotice");
+        String disclaimerNotice = getDirectChildText(root, "disclaimerNotice");
+
+        Element packagesElement = getFirstDirectChild(root, "packages");
+        List<TerrainCatalogPackageEntry> packageEntries = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (packagesElement != null) {
+            List<Element> packageElements = getDirectChildElements(packagesElement, "package");
+
+            for (Element packageElement : packageElements) {
+                List<String> tileIds = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                Element tileIdsElement = getFirstDirectChild(packageElement, "tileIds");
+                if (tileIdsElement != null) {
+                    for (Element tileIdElement : getDirectChildElements(tileIdsElement, "tileId")) {
+                        tileIds.add(tileIdElement.getTextContent());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                packageEntries.add(new TerrainCatalogPackageEntry(
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("packageId"),
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("regionType"),
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("regionId"),
+                        parseIntAttribute(packageElement, "packageVersion", 1),
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("downloadUrl"),
+                        parseLongAttribute(packageElement, "sizeBytes", 0L),
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("sha256"),
+                        parseDoubleAttribute(packageElement, "minLatitudeDeg", Double.NaN),
+                        parseDoubleAttribute(packageElement, "maxLatitudeDeg", Double.NaN),
+                        parseDoubleAttribute(packageElement, "minLongitudeDeg", Double.NaN),
+                        parseDoubleAttribute(packageElement, "maxLongitudeDeg", Double.NaN),
+                        tileIds,
+                        packageElement.getAttribute("sourceDataset"),
+                        getDirectChildText(packageElement, "sourceAttribution"),
+                        getDirectChildText(packageElement, "derivedProductNotice"),
+                        getDirectChildText(packageElement, "disclaimerNotice")
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new TerrainCatalog(
+                schemaVersion,
+                catalogVersion,
+                generatedAtUtc,
+                regionSet,
+                packageBaseUrl,
+                sourceAttribution,
+                licenseNotice,
+                disclaimerNotice,
+                packageEntries
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static List<Element> getDirectChildElements(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        List<Element> result = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (parent == null) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        for (int index = 0; index < parent.getChildNodes().getLength(); index++) {
+            Node node = parent.getChildNodes().item(index);
+            if (node instanceof Element element && tagName.equals(element.getTagName())) {
+                result.add(element);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static Element getFirstDirectChild(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        for (Element element : getDirectChildElements(parent, tagName)) {
+            return element;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static String getDirectChildText(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        Element child = getFirstDirectChild(parent, tagName);
+        return child == null ? "" : child.getTextContent().trim();
+    }
+
+    private static int parseIntAttribute(Element element, String attributeName, int defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return Integer.parseInt(element.getAttribute(attributeName));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long parseLongAttribute(Element element, String attributeName, long defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return Long.parseLong(element.getAttribute(attributeName));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static double parseDoubleAttribute(Element element, String attributeName, double defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return Double.parseDouble(element.getAttribute(attributeName));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Download result for the XML terrain catalog.
+     *
+     * @param localCatalogFile target local file path
+     * @param success true if the download succeeded
+     * @param message human-readable result text
+     */
+    public record CatalogDownloadResult(
+            Path localCatalogFile,
+            boolean success,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse/load result for one terrain catalog.
+     *
+     * @param terrainCatalog parsed catalog, or null
+     * @param localCatalogFile source file path
+     * @param success true if a usable catalog was loaded
+     * @param message human-readable result text
+     */
+    public record CatalogLoadResult(
+            TerrainCatalog terrainCatalog,
+            Path localCatalogFile,
+            boolean success,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainCatalogPackageEntry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable catalog entry describing one downloadable terrain package.
+ *
+ * <p>This model is intentionally shared between the future server-side catalog
+ * generation and the future desktop downloader.</p>
+ */
+public record TerrainCatalogPackageEntry(
+        String packageId,
+        String regionType,
+        String regionId,
+        int packageVersion,
+        String downloadUrl,
+        long sizeBytes,
+        String sha256,
+        double minLatitudeDeg,
+        double maxLatitudeDeg,
+        double minLongitudeDeg,
+        double maxLongitudeDeg,
+        List<String> tileIds,
+        String sourceDataset,
+        String sourceAttribution,
+        String derivedProductNotice,
+        String disclaimerNotice
+) {
+
+    public TerrainCatalogPackageEntry {
+        packageId = normalizeLower(packageId);
+        regionType = normalizeLower(regionType);
+        regionId = normalizeUpper(regionId);
+        downloadUrl = normalizeText(downloadUrl);
+        sha256 = normalizeLower(sha256);
+        tileIds = tileIds == null ? List.of() : tileIds.stream()
+                                                .map(TerrainCatalogPackageEntry::normalizeUpper)
+                                                .filter(value -> !value.isBlank())
+                                                .distinct()
+                                                .toList();
+        sourceDataset = normalizeLower(sourceDataset);
+        sourceAttribution = normalizeText(sourceAttribution);
+        derivedProductNotice = normalizeText(derivedProductNotice);
+        disclaimerNotice = normalizeText(disclaimerNotice);
+
+        if (packageVersion < 0) {
+            packageVersion = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (sizeBytes < 0L) {
+            sizeBytes = 0L;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the entry contains enough information for download/install logic.
+     *
+     * @return true if the entry is usable
+     */
+    public boolean isUsable() {
+        return !packageId.isBlank()
+                && !regionType.isBlank()
+                && !regionId.isBlank()
+                && !downloadUrl.isBlank();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the package matches the given region identifier.
+     *
+     * @param expectedRegionType region type, e.g. "maidenhead4"
+     * @param expectedRegionId region id, e.g. "JO22"
+     * @return true if both match
+     */
+    public boolean matchesRegion(String expectedRegionType, String expectedRegionId) {
+        return regionType.equals(normalizeLower(expectedRegionType))
+                && regionId.equals(normalizeUpper(expectedRegionId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the bounding box covers the given point.
+     *
+     * @param latitudeDeg latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg longitude in degrees
+     * @return true if the point lies inside the package coverage box
+     */
+    public boolean covers(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+        return Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)
+                && latitudeDeg >= minLatitudeDeg
+                && latitudeDeg <= maxLatitudeDeg
+                && longitudeDeg >= minLongitudeDeg
+                && longitudeDeg <= maxLongitudeDeg;
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeText(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeLower(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainCoverageResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.locatorUtils.Location;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Resolves which terrain packages and which 1° tiles are required for
+ * a path analysis request.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is intentionally self-contained so it can later be reused
+ * unchanged both in the desktop client and in a future Spring service.</p>
+ */
+public final class TerrainCoverageResolver {
+
+    /**
+     * The current package scheme groups terrain downloads by Maidenhead-4 region.
+     */
+    public static final String REGION_TYPE_MAIDENHEAD4 = "maidenhead4";
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed region set label for the first Europe-wide terrain service generation.
+     */
+    public static final String REGION_SET_EU = "eu";
+
+    /**
+     * Sampling step used to determine required coverage along a path.
+     *
+     * <p>This is intentionally finer than the final profile sampling so that
+     * package/tile coverage is not missed on diagonal or border-crossing paths.</p>
+     */
+    private static final double COVERAGE_SAMPLE_STEP_KM = 10.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Safety minimum number of sampling points per path.
+     */
+    private static final int MIN_COVERAGE_SAMPLE_COUNT = 32;
+
+    public TerrainCoverageResolver() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves all package and tile requirements for the given path request.
+     *
+     * @param request immutable path analysis request
+     * @return combined package/tile coverage selection
+     */
+    public TerrainCoverageSelection resolveCoverageForPath(PathAnalysisRequest request) {
+        if (request == null || !request.hasUsableHome() || !request.hasUsableTarget()) {
+            return TerrainCoverageSelection.empty();
+        }
+
+        return resolveCoverageForPath(
+                request.fromLatitudeDeg(),
+                request.fromLongitudeDeg(),
+                request.toLatitudeDeg(),
+                request.toLongitudeDeg()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves all package and tile requirements for the given geographic path.
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @return combined package/tile coverage selection
+     */
+    public TerrainCoverageSelection resolveCoverageForPath(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                           double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                           double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                           double toLongitudeDeg) {
+
+        if (!areUsableCoordinates(fromLatitudeDeg, fromLongitudeDeg)
+                || !areUsableCoordinates(toLatitudeDeg, toLongitudeDeg)) {
+            return TerrainCoverageSelection.empty();
+        }
+
+        double totalDistanceKm = calculateGreatCircleDistanceKm(
+                fromLatitudeDeg,
+                fromLongitudeDeg,
+                toLatitudeDeg,
+                toLongitudeDeg
+        );
+
+        int coverageSampleCount = resolveCoverageSampleCount(totalDistanceKm);
+
+        LinkedHashSet<String> requiredRegionIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        LinkedHashSet<String> requiredPackageIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        LinkedHashSet<String> requiredTileIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
+        for (int sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < coverageSampleCount; sampleIndex++) {
+            double t = coverageSampleCount == 1
+                    ? 0.0
+                    : (double) sampleIndex / (double) (coverageSampleCount - 1);
+
+            GeoPoint point = interpolateGreatCirclePoint(
+                    fromLatitudeDeg,
+                    fromLongitudeDeg,
+                    toLatitudeDeg,
+                    toLongitudeDeg,
+                    t
+            );
+
+            if (!areUsableCoordinates(point.latitudeDeg(), point.longitudeDeg())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String maidenhead4 = toMaidenhead4(point.latitudeDeg(), point.longitudeDeg());
+            if (!maidenhead4.isBlank()) {
+                requiredRegionIds.add(maidenhead4);
+                requiredPackageIds.add(buildPackageId(REGION_SET_EU, maidenhead4, 1));
+            }
+
+            int southDeg = floorDegree(point.latitudeDeg());
+            int westDeg = floorDegree(point.longitudeDeg());
+            requiredTileIds.add(TerrainTileMetadata.buildTileId(southDeg, westDeg));
+        }
+
+        return new TerrainCoverageSelection(
+                List.copyOf(requiredRegionIds),
+                List.copyOf(requiredPackageIds),
+                List.copyOf(requiredTileIds),
+                totalDistanceKm,
+                coverageSampleCount
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves only the required package ids for the given path.
+     *
+     * @param request immutable path analysis request
+     * @return ordered distinct package ids
+     */
+    public List<String> resolveRequiredPackageIdsForPath(PathAnalysisRequest request) {
+        return resolveCoverageForPath(request).packageIds();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves only the required tile ids for the given path.
+     *
+     * @param request immutable path analysis request
+     * @return ordered distinct tile ids
+     */
+    public List<String> resolveRequiredTileIdsForPath(PathAnalysisRequest request) {
+        return resolveCoverageForPath(request).tileIds();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the canonical package id for one region package.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     * <ul>
+     *     <li>terrain-eu-jo22-v1</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param regionSet region set, e.g. "eu"
+     * @param regionId region id, e.g. "JO22"
+     * @param packageVersion package version
+     * @return canonical package id
+     */
+    public static String buildPackageId(String regionSet, String regionId, int packageVersion) {
+        String normalizedRegionSet = regionSet == null ? "" : regionSet.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        String normalizedRegionId = regionId == null ? "" : regionId.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        int normalizedPackageVersion = Math.max(0, packageVersion);
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.ROOT,
+                "terrain-%s-%s-v%d",
+                normalizedRegionSet,
+                normalizedRegionId,
+                normalizedPackageVersion
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Maidenhead-4 region id for the given point.
+     *
+     * @param latitudeDeg latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg longitude in degrees
+     * @return Maidenhead-4 id such as JO22, or empty string if conversion failed
+     */
+    public static String toMaidenhead4(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+        if (!areUsableCoordinates(latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg)) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        String maidenhead6 = Location.toMaidenhead(latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg);
+        if (maidenhead6 == null || maidenhead6.length() < 4) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        return maidenhead6.substring(0, 4).toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static int resolveCoverageSampleCount(double totalDistanceKm) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(totalDistanceKm) || totalDistanceKm <= 0.0) {
+            return MIN_COVERAGE_SAMPLE_COUNT;
+        }
+
+        int computedSampleCount = (int) Math.ceil(totalDistanceKm / COVERAGE_SAMPLE_STEP_KM) + 1;
+        return Math.max(MIN_COVERAGE_SAMPLE_COUNT, computedSampleCount);
+    }
+
+    private static int floorDegree(double value) {
+        return (int) Math.floor(value);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areUsableCoordinates(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+        return Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)
+                && latitudeDeg >= -90.0
+                && latitudeDeg <= 90.0
+                && longitudeDeg >= -180.0
+                && longitudeDeg <= 180.0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Great-circle distance in kilometers using the haversine formula.
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @return great-circle distance in kilometers
+     */
+    private static double calculateGreatCircleDistanceKm(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                         double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                         double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                         double toLongitudeDeg) {
+
+        double fromLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLatitudeDeg);
+        double fromLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLongitudeDeg);
+        double toLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLatitudeDeg);
+        double toLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLongitudeDeg);
+
+        double deltaLatitude = toLatitudeRad - fromLatitudeRad;
+        double deltaLongitude = toLongitudeRad - fromLongitudeRad;
+
+        double a = Math.sin(deltaLatitude / 2.0) * Math.sin(deltaLatitude / 2.0)
+                + Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLatitudeRad)
+                * Math.sin(deltaLongitude / 2.0) * Math.sin(deltaLongitude / 2.0);
+
+        double c = 2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(Math.max(0.0, 1.0 - a)));
+
+        return 6371.009 * c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Interpolates one point on the great-circle path between the given endpoints.
+     *
+     * @param fromLatitudeDeg source latitude in degrees
+     * @param fromLongitudeDeg source longitude in degrees
+     * @param toLatitudeDeg target latitude in degrees
+     * @param toLongitudeDeg target longitude in degrees
+     * @param t interpolation factor within [0, 1]
+     * @return interpolated geographic point
+     */
+    private static GeoPoint interpolateGreatCirclePoint(double fromLatitudeDeg,
+                                                        double fromLongitudeDeg,
+                                                        double toLatitudeDeg,
+                                                        double toLongitudeDeg,
+                                                        double t) {
+
+        double clampedT = clamp(t, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+        if (clampedT <= 0.0) {
+            return new GeoPoint(fromLatitudeDeg, normalizeLongitudeDeg(fromLongitudeDeg));
+        }
+
+        if (clampedT >= 1.0) {
+            return new GeoPoint(toLatitudeDeg, normalizeLongitudeDeg(toLongitudeDeg));
+        }
+
+        double fromLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLatitudeDeg);
+        double fromLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(fromLongitudeDeg);
+        double toLatitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLatitudeDeg);
+        double toLongitudeRad = Math.toRadians(toLongitudeDeg);
+
+        double x1 = Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(fromLongitudeRad);
+        double y1 = Math.cos(fromLatitudeRad) * Math.sin(fromLongitudeRad);
+        double z1 = Math.sin(fromLatitudeRad);
+
+        double x2 = Math.cos(toLatitudeRad) * Math.cos(toLongitudeRad);
+        double y2 = Math.cos(toLatitudeRad) * Math.sin(toLongitudeRad);
+        double z2 = Math.sin(toLatitudeRad);
+
+        double dot = clamp(x1 * x2 + y1 * y2 + z1 * z2, -1.0, 1.0);
+        double omega = Math.acos(dot);
+
+        if (omega < 1e-12) {
+            double latitudeDeg = fromLatitudeDeg + (toLatitudeDeg - fromLatitudeDeg) * clampedT;
+            double longitudeDeg = normalizeLongitudeDeg(fromLongitudeDeg + (toLongitudeDeg - fromLongitudeDeg) * clampedT);
+            return new GeoPoint(latitudeDeg, longitudeDeg);
+        }
+
+        double sinOmega = Math.sin(omega);
+        double a = Math.sin((1.0 - clampedT) * omega) / sinOmega;
+        double b = Math.sin(clampedT * omega) / sinOmega;
+
+        double x = a * x1 + b * x2;
+        double y = a * y1 + b * y2;
+        double z = a * z1 + b * z2;
+
+        double latitudeRad = Math.atan2(z, Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y));
+        double longitudeRad = Math.atan2(y, x);
+
+        return new GeoPoint(
+                Math.toDegrees(latitudeRad),
+                normalizeLongitudeDeg(Math.toDegrees(longitudeRad))
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static double normalizeLongitudeDeg(double longitudeDeg) {
+        double normalized = longitudeDeg % 360.0;
+
+        if (normalized > 180.0) {
+            normalized -= 360.0;
+        } else if (normalized <= -180.0) {
+            normalized += 360.0;
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static double clamp(double value, double minValue, double maxValue) {
+        return Math.max(minValue, Math.min(maxValue, value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combined path coverage selection.
+     *
+     * @param regionIds ordered distinct Maidenhead-4 region ids
+     * @param packageIds ordered distinct package ids
+     * @param tileIds ordered distinct 1° tile ids
+     * @param totalDistanceKm great-circle path distance in kilometers
+     * @param coverageSampleCount number of sampling points used for coverage resolution
+     */
+    public record TerrainCoverageSelection(
+            List<String> regionIds,
+            List<String> packageIds,
+            List<String> tileIds,
+            double totalDistanceKm,
+            int coverageSampleCount
+    ) {
+        public TerrainCoverageSelection {
+            regionIds = regionIds == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(regionIds);
+            packageIds = packageIds == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(packageIds);
+            tileIds = tileIds == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(tileIds);
+
+            if (coverageSampleCount < 0) {
+                coverageSampleCount = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static TerrainCoverageSelection empty() {
+            return new TerrainCoverageSelection(List.of(), List.of(), List.of(), Double.NaN, 0);
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasCoverage() {
+            return !packageIds.isEmpty() || !tileIds.isEmpty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Small immutable geographic point for great-circle interpolation.
+     *
+     * @param latitudeDeg latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg longitude in degrees
+     */
+    private record GeoPoint(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainPackageDownloader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.ApplicationConstants;
+import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HexFormat;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Downloads terrain package archives (*.tpak) to the local .praktiKST directory.
+ *
+ * <p>This implementation is intentionally simple and robust:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>download packages by catalog entry</li>
+ *     <li>store them below terrain/packages</li>
+ *     <li>reuse existing files when the checksum already matches</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public final class TerrainPackageDownloader {
+
+    private static final String LOCAL_TERRAIN_PACKAGES_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY = "terrain/packages";
+
+    private final HttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public TerrainPackageDownloader() {
+        this.httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
+                .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NORMAL)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads all required package ids that are present in the catalog.
+     *
+     * @param terrainCatalog current terrain catalog
+     * @param requiredPackageIds ordered package ids
+     * @return batch download result
+     */
+    public BatchDownloadResult downloadPackages(TerrainCatalog terrainCatalog, List<String> requiredPackageIds) {
+        List<PackageDownloadResult> itemResults = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (terrainCatalog == null || requiredPackageIds == null || requiredPackageIds.isEmpty()) {
+            return new BatchDownloadResult(List.of(), "No terrain packages were requested.");
+        }
+
+        for (String packageId : requiredPackageIds) {
+            PackageDownloadResult itemResult = terrainCatalog.findPackageById(packageId)
+                    .map(this::downloadPackage)
+                    .orElseGet(() -> new PackageDownloadResult(
+                            packageId,
+                            null,
+                            false,
+                            false,
+                            "Package id is not present in the loaded catalog."
+                    ));
+
+            itemResults.add(itemResult);
+        }
+
+        return new BatchDownloadResult(itemResults, buildBatchMessage(itemResults));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads one package archive from one catalog entry.
+     *
+     * @param packageEntry catalog package entry
+     * @return download result
+     */
+    public PackageDownloadResult downloadPackage(TerrainCatalogPackageEntry packageEntry) {
+        if (packageEntry == null || !packageEntry.isUsable()) {
+            return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                    "",
+                    null,
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                    "Terrain package entry is missing or incomplete."
+            );
+        }
+
+        Path packagesDirectory = resolveLocalPackagesDirectory();
+        Path localPackageFile = packagesDirectory.resolve(packageEntry.packageId() + ".tpak");
+
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(packagesDirectory);
+
+            if (Files.isRegularFile(localPackageFile)
+                    && !packageEntry.sha256().isBlank()
+                    && packageEntry.sha256().equalsIgnoreCase(computeSha256(localPackageFile))) {
+                return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                        packageEntry.packageId(),
+                        localPackageFile,
+                        true,
+                        false,
+                        "Terrain package is already present locally and matches the expected checksum."
+                );
+            }
+
+            Path tempFile = packagesDirectory.resolve(packageEntry.packageId() + ".download");
+
+            HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+                    .uri(URI.create(packageEntry.downloadUrl()))
+                    .GET()
+                    .build();
+
+            HttpResponse<Path> response = httpClient.send(
+                    httpRequest,
+                    HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofFile(tempFile)
+            );
+
+            if (response.statusCode() < 200 || response.statusCode() >= 300) {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);
+
+                return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                        packageEntry.packageId(),
+                        localPackageFile,
+                        false,
+                        false,
+                        "Terrain package download failed with HTTP status " + response.statusCode() + "."
+                );
+            }
+
+            if (!packageEntry.sha256().isBlank()) {
+                String actualSha256 = computeSha256(tempFile);
+                if (!packageEntry.sha256().equalsIgnoreCase(actualSha256)) {
+                    Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);
+
+                    return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                            packageEntry.packageId(),
+                            localPackageFile,
+                            false,
+                            false,
+                            "Downloaded terrain package checksum does not match the catalog."
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            Files.move(tempFile, localPackageFile, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+
+            return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                    packageEntry.packageId(),
+                    localPackageFile,
+                    true,
+                    true,
+                    "Terrain package downloaded successfully."
+            );
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return new PackageDownloadResult(
+                    packageEntry.packageId(),
+                    localPackageFile,
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                    "Terrain package download failed: " + exception.getMessage()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Path resolveLocalPackagesDirectory() {
+        return Path.of(ApplicationFileUtils.getFilePath(
+                ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                LOCAL_TERRAIN_PACKAGES_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY
+        ));
+    }
+
+    private String computeSha256(Path file) throws Exception {
+        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
+
+        try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(file)) {
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+            int bytesRead;
+
+            while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
+                messageDigest.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return HexFormat.of().formatHex(messageDigest.digest());
+    }
+
+    private String buildBatchMessage(List<PackageDownloadResult> itemResults) {
+        int successfulCount = 0;
+        int downloadedCount = 0;
+        int reusedCount = 0;
+
+        for (PackageDownloadResult itemResult : itemResults) {
+            if (itemResult.success()) {
+                successfulCount++;
+            }
+            if (itemResult.downloadedNow()) {
+                downloadedCount++;
+            } else if (itemResult.success()) {
+                reusedCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return "Terrain packages processed: "
+                + itemResults.size()
+                + ", successful: "
+                + successfulCount
+                + ", downloaded now: "
+                + downloadedCount
+                + ", reused locally: "
+                + reusedCount
+                + ".";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Result of one terrain package download attempt.
+     *
+     * @param packageId canonical package id
+     * @param localPackageFile local target package file
+     * @param success true if a usable local package file is available afterward
+     * @param downloadedNow true if the package was downloaded in this run
+     * @param message human-readable result text
+     */
+    public record PackageDownloadResult(
+            String packageId,
+            Path localPackageFile,
+            boolean success,
+            boolean downloadedNow,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Result of a batch terrain package download attempt.
+     *
+     * @param itemResults one result per requested package
+     * @param message human-readable summary text
+     */
+    public record BatchDownloadResult(
+            List<PackageDownloadResult> itemResults,
+            String message
+    ) {
+        public BatchDownloadResult {
+            itemResults = itemResults == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(itemResults);
+        }
+
+        public boolean allSuccessful() {
+            return !itemResults.isEmpty() && itemResults.stream().allMatch(PackageDownloadResult::success);
+        }
+
+        public List<Path> successfulPackageFiles() {
+            return itemResults.stream()
+                    .filter(PackageDownloadResult::success)
+                    .map(PackageDownloadResult::localPackageFile)
+                    .filter(path -> path != null)
+                    .toList();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainPackageInstaller.java

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.ApplicationConstants;
+import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+
+import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
+
+/**
+ * Installs one downloaded terrain package into the local DEM directory.
+ *
+ * <p>This first vertical slice intentionally extracts raw Copernicus *_DEM.tif
+ * files, because the current runtime already knows how to scan and load them.
+ * That means we get an end-to-end working package flow quickly without first
+ * introducing a second runtime terrain format.</p>
+ */
+public final class TerrainPackageInstaller {
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_LOCAL_DEM_ROOT_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY = "dem/copernicus_glo30";
+
+    /**
+     * Installs one terrain package into the configured DEM root directory.
+     *
+     * <p>If no DEM root directory is configured, the default directory below
+     * .praktiKST is used automatically.</p>
+     *
+     * @param packageFile local *.tpak file
+     * @param configuredDemRootDirectory user-configured DEM root directory text
+     * @return installation result
+     */
+    public InstallResult installPackage(Path packageFile, String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+        if (packageFile == null || !Files.isRegularFile(packageFile)) {
+            return new InstallResult(
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    0,
+                    false,
+                    "Terrain package file does not exist."
+            );
+        }
+
+        try (ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(packageFile.toFile())) {
+            ZipEntry manifestEntry = zipFile.getEntry("manifest.xml");
+            if (manifestEntry == null) {
+                return new InstallResult(
+                        null,
+                        null,
+                        0,
+                        false,
+                        "Terrain package does not contain manifest.xml."
+                );
+            }
+
+            TerrainPackageManifest terrainPackageManifest;
+            try (InputStream manifestInputStream = zipFile.getInputStream(manifestEntry)) {
+                terrainPackageManifest = parseManifest(manifestInputStream);
+            }
+
+            if (terrainPackageManifest == null || !terrainPackageManifest.hasUsableTiles()) {
+                return new InstallResult(
+                        terrainPackageManifest,
+                        null,
+                        0,
+                        false,
+                        "Terrain package manifest is missing or contains no usable tiles."
+                );
+            }
+
+            Path demRootDirectory = resolveEffectiveDemRootDirectory(configuredDemRootDirectory);
+            Path targetPackageDirectory = demRootDirectory
+                    .resolve("packages")
+                    .resolve(terrainPackageManifest.packageId());
+
+            Files.createDirectories(targetPackageDirectory);
+
+            int installedTileCount = 0;
+
+            List<? extends ZipEntry> zipEntries = zipFile.stream().toList();
+            for (ZipEntry zipEntry : zipEntries) {
+                if (zipEntry.isDirectory()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                String entryName = zipEntry.getName();
+                String fileName = Path.of(entryName).getFileName().toString();
+
+                if ("manifest.xml".equalsIgnoreCase(fileName)) {
+                    Path targetFile = targetPackageDirectory.resolve("manifest.xml");
+                    extractZipEntry(zipFile, zipEntry, targetFile);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!OfflineDemManager.isSupportedCopernicusGlo30DemFilename(fileName)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                Path targetFile = targetPackageDirectory.resolve(fileName);
+                extractZipEntry(zipFile, zipEntry, targetFile);
+                installedTileCount++;
+            }
+
+            if (installedTileCount <= 0) {
+                return new InstallResult(
+                        terrainPackageManifest,
+                        targetPackageDirectory,
+                        0,
+                        false,
+                        "Terrain package did not contain any supported Copernicus *_DEM.tif files."
+                );
+            }
+
+            return new InstallResult(
+                    terrainPackageManifest,
+                    targetPackageDirectory,
+                    installedTileCount,
+                    true,
+                    "Installed "
+                            + installedTileCount
+                            + " DEM tile(s) into:\n"
+                            + targetPackageDirectory.toAbsolutePath()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            return new InstallResult(
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    0,
+                    false,
+                    "Terrain package installation failed: " + exception.getMessage()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Path resolveEffectiveDemRootDirectory(String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+        if (configuredDemRootDirectory != null && !configuredDemRootDirectory.isBlank()) {
+            return Path.of(configuredDemRootDirectory.trim());
+        }
+
+        return Path.of(ApplicationFileUtils.getFilePath(
+                ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                DEFAULT_LOCAL_DEM_ROOT_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY
+        ));
+    }
+
+    private void extractZipEntry(ZipFile zipFile, ZipEntry zipEntry, Path targetFile) throws Exception {
+        Path normalizedTarget = targetFile.normalize();
+
+        if (normalizedTarget.getParent() != null) {
+            Files.createDirectories(normalizedTarget.getParent());
+        }
+
+        try (InputStream entryInputStream = zipFile.getInputStream(zipEntry)) {
+            Files.copy(entryInputStream, normalizedTarget, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TerrainPackageManifest parseManifest(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
+        DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+        documentBuilderFactory.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);
+
+        DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
+        Document document = documentBuilder.parse(inputStream);
+
+        Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
+        if (root == null || !"terrainPackageManifest".equals(root.getTagName())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected package manifest root element.");
+        }
+
+        int schemaVersion = parseIntAttribute(root, "schemaVersion", 1);
+        String packageId = root.getAttribute("packageId");
+        int packageVersion = parseIntAttribute(root, "packageVersion", 1);
+        String regionType = root.getAttribute("regionType");
+        String regionId = root.getAttribute("regionId");
+
+        double minLatitudeDeg = parseDoubleAttribute(root, "minLatitudeDeg", Double.NaN);
+        double maxLatitudeDeg = parseDoubleAttribute(root, "maxLatitudeDeg", Double.NaN);
+        double minLongitudeDeg = parseDoubleAttribute(root, "minLongitudeDeg", Double.NaN);
+        double maxLongitudeDeg = parseDoubleAttribute(root, "maxLongitudeDeg", Double.NaN);
+
+        String primaryDataset = root.getAttribute("primaryDataset");
+        String fallbackDataset = root.getAttribute("fallbackDataset");
+        String packageBuiltAtUtc = root.getAttribute("packageBuiltAtUtc");
+        String packageSha256 = root.getAttribute("packageSha256");
+
+        String sourceAttribution = getDirectChildText(root, "sourceAttribution");
+        String derivedProductNotice = getDirectChildText(root, "derivedProductNotice");
+        String disclaimerNotice = getDirectChildText(root, "disclaimerNotice");
+
+        List<TerrainTileMetadata> tiles = new ArrayList<>();
+        Element tilesElement = getFirstDirectChild(root, "tiles");
+
+        if (tilesElement != null) {
+            for (Element tileElement : getDirectChildElements(tilesElement, "tile")) {
+                tiles.add(new TerrainTileMetadata(
+                        tileElement.getAttribute("tileId"),
+                        tileElement.getAttribute("fileName"),
+                        parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "southDeg", 0),
+                        parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "westDeg", 0),
+                        parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "width", 3601),
+                        parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "height", 3601),
+                        parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "arcSecondResolution", 1),
+                        (short) parseIntAttribute(tileElement, "noDataValue", -32768),
+                        tileElement.getAttribute("sourceDataset"),
+                        tileElement.getAttribute("sha256")
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new TerrainPackageManifest(
+                schemaVersion,
+                packageId,
+                packageVersion,
+                regionType,
+                regionId,
+                minLatitudeDeg,
+                maxLatitudeDeg,
+                minLongitudeDeg,
+                maxLongitudeDeg,
+                primaryDataset,
+                fallbackDataset,
+                packageBuiltAtUtc,
+                sourceAttribution,
+                derivedProductNotice,
+                disclaimerNotice,
+                packageSha256,
+                tiles
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static List<Element> getDirectChildElements(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        List<Element> result = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (parent == null) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        for (int index = 0; index < parent.getChildNodes().getLength(); index++) {
+            Node node = parent.getChildNodes().item(index);
+            if (node instanceof Element element && tagName.equals(element.getTagName())) {
+                result.add(element);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static Element getFirstDirectChild(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        for (Element element : getDirectChildElements(parent, tagName)) {
+            return element;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static String getDirectChildText(Element parent, String tagName) {
+        Element child = getFirstDirectChild(parent, tagName);
+        return child == null ? "" : child.getTextContent().trim();
+    }
+
+    private static int parseIntAttribute(Element element, String attributeName, int defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return Integer.parseInt(element.getAttribute(attributeName));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static double parseDoubleAttribute(Element element, String attributeName, double defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return Double.parseDouble(element.getAttribute(attributeName));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Result of one terrain package installation.
+     *
+     * @param terrainPackageManifest parsed manifest, or null
+     * @param targetPackageDirectory extraction target directory
+     * @param installedTileCount number of extracted DEM GeoTIFF files
+     * @param success true if at least one usable tile was installed
+     * @param message human-readable result text
+     */
+    public record InstallResult(
+            TerrainPackageManifest terrainPackageManifest,
+            Path targetPackageDirectory,
+            int installedTileCount,
+            boolean success,
+            String message
+    ) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainPackageManifest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable manifest describing one locally installable terrain package.
+ *
+ * <p>This model is the authoritative description of the package contents after
+ * download and before/after installation.</p>
+ */
+public record TerrainPackageManifest(
+        int schemaVersion,
+        String packageId,
+        int packageVersion,
+        String regionType,
+        String regionId,
+        double minLatitudeDeg,
+        double maxLatitudeDeg,
+        double minLongitudeDeg,
+        double maxLongitudeDeg,
+        String primaryDataset,
+        String fallbackDataset,
+        String packageBuiltAtUtc,
+        String sourceAttribution,
+        String derivedProductNotice,
+        String disclaimerNotice,
+        String packageSha256,
+        List<TerrainTileMetadata> tiles
+) {
+
+    public TerrainPackageManifest {
+        packageId = normalizeLower(packageId);
+        regionType = normalizeLower(regionType);
+        regionId = normalizeUpper(regionId);
+        primaryDataset = normalizeLower(primaryDataset);
+        fallbackDataset = normalizeLower(fallbackDataset);
+        packageBuiltAtUtc = normalizeText(packageBuiltAtUtc);
+        sourceAttribution = normalizeText(sourceAttribution);
+        derivedProductNotice = normalizeText(derivedProductNotice);
+        disclaimerNotice = normalizeText(disclaimerNotice);
+        packageSha256 = normalizeLower(packageSha256);
+        tiles = tiles == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(tiles);
+
+        if (schemaVersion < 0) {
+            schemaVersion = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (packageVersion < 0) {
+            packageVersion = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the manifest contains at least one usable tile.
+     *
+     * @return true if the manifest appears installable
+     */
+    public boolean hasUsableTiles() {
+        return tiles.stream().anyMatch(TerrainTileMetadata::isUsable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds one tile metadata entry by canonical tile id.
+     *
+     * @param tileId canonical tile id
+     * @return tile metadata if found
+     */
+    public Optional<TerrainTileMetadata> findTile(String tileId) {
+        String normalizedTileId = normalizeUpper(tileId);
+
+        return tiles.stream()
+                .filter(tile -> tile.tileId().equals(normalizedTileId))
+                .findFirst();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the manifest belongs to the given region.
+     *
+     * @param expectedRegionType region type
+     * @param expectedRegionId region id
+     * @return true if region type and id match
+     */
+    public boolean matchesRegion(String expectedRegionType, String expectedRegionId) {
+        return regionType.equals(normalizeLower(expectedRegionType))
+                && regionId.equals(normalizeUpper(expectedRegionId));
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeText(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeLower(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainPackageService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.locatorUtils.Location;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * High-level orchestration service for terrain package preparation.
+ *
+ * <p>This is the first end-to-end vertical slice that connects:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>path coverage resolution</li>
+ *     <li>catalog download/load</li>
+ *     <li>package download</li>
+ *     <li>package installation into the local DEM directory</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The current implementation intentionally installs Copernicus *_DEM.tif files
+ * into the DEM root that is already used by the existing terrain provider chain.
+ * That allows us to reach a working automated download flow with very few
+ * intermediate refactorings.</p>
+ */
+public final class TerrainPackageService {
+
+    /**
+     * First default catalog URL for the future modular terrain service on hamradioonline.de.
+     *
+     * <p>This can later move into user preferences without changing the orchestration flow.</p>
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_TERRAIN_CATALOG_URL =
+            "https://terrain.hamradioonline.de/catalog/terrain-catalog-v1.xml";
+
+    private final TerrainCoverageResolver terrainCoverageResolver;
+    private final TerrainCatalogClient terrainCatalogClient;
+    private final TerrainPackageDownloader terrainPackageDownloader;
+    private final TerrainPackageInstaller terrainPackageInstaller;
+
+    public TerrainPackageService() {
+        this(
+                new TerrainCoverageResolver(),
+                new TerrainCatalogClient(),
+                new TerrainPackageDownloader(),
+                new TerrainPackageInstaller()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TerrainPackageService(TerrainCoverageResolver terrainCoverageResolver,
+                                 TerrainCatalogClient terrainCatalogClient,
+                                 TerrainPackageDownloader terrainPackageDownloader,
+                                 TerrainPackageInstaller terrainPackageInstaller) {
+        this.terrainCoverageResolver = terrainCoverageResolver;
+        this.terrainCatalogClient = terrainCatalogClient;
+        this.terrainPackageDownloader = terrainPackageDownloader;
+        this.terrainPackageInstaller = terrainPackageInstaller;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares all terrain packages required for the given path using the default catalog URL.
+     *
+     * @param request path analysis request
+     * @param configuredDemRootDirectory currently configured DEM root directory
+     * @return combined terrain preparation result
+     */
+    public TerrainPreparationResult prepareTerrainForPath(PathAnalysisRequest request,
+                                                          String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+        return prepareTerrainForPath(
+                request,
+                DEFAULT_TERRAIN_CATALOG_URL,
+                configuredDemRootDirectory
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares all terrain packages required for the given path.
+     *
+     * <p>Workflow:
+     * <ol>
+     *     <li>resolve required package ids from the path geometry</li>
+     *     <li>download the catalog</li>
+     *     <li>fallback to the last local catalog if the download fails</li>
+     *     <li>download all matching required packages</li>
+     *     <li>install all successfully downloaded packages into the DEM root</li>
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @param request path analysis request
+     * @param catalogUrl terrain catalog URL
+     * @param configuredDemRootDirectory currently configured DEM root directory
+     * @return combined terrain preparation result
+     */
+    public TerrainPreparationResult prepareTerrainForPath(PathAnalysisRequest request,
+                                                          String catalogUrl,
+                                                          String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+
+        if (request == null || !request.hasUsableHome() || !request.hasUsableTarget()) {
+            return TerrainPreparationResult.failure(
+                    request,
+                    TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection.empty(),
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    List.of(),
+                    List.of(),
+                    "Path request is missing or does not contain usable endpoints."
+            );
+        }
+
+        TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection coverageSelection =
+                terrainCoverageResolver.resolveCoverageForPath(request);
+
+        if (!coverageSelection.hasCoverage()) {
+            return TerrainPreparationResult.failure(
+                    request,
+                    coverageSelection,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    List.of(),
+                    List.of(),
+                    "No terrain coverage could be resolved for the requested path."
+            );
+        }
+
+        TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogDownloadResult catalogDownloadResult =
+                terrainCatalogClient.downloadCatalog(catalogUrl);
+
+        TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogLoadResult catalogLoadResult =
+                terrainCatalogClient.loadLocalCatalog();
+
+        if (!catalogLoadResult.success() || catalogLoadResult.terrainCatalog() == null) {
+            StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
+            message.append("Terrain catalog is not available.");
+
+            if (catalogDownloadResult != null && catalogDownloadResult.message() != null && !catalogDownloadResult.message().isBlank()) {
+                message.append("\n\nDownload: ").append(catalogDownloadResult.message());
+            }
+
+            if (catalogLoadResult != null && catalogLoadResult.message() != null && !catalogLoadResult.message().isBlank()) {
+                message.append("\n\nLoad: ").append(catalogLoadResult.message());
+            }
+
+            return TerrainPreparationResult.failure(
+                    request,
+                    coverageSelection,
+                    catalogDownloadResult,
+                    catalogLoadResult,
+                    null,
+                    List.of(),
+                    List.of(),
+                    message.toString()
+            );
+        }
+
+        TerrainCatalog terrainCatalog = catalogLoadResult.terrainCatalog();
+
+        List<String> missingPackageIds = coverageSelection.packageIds().stream()
+                .filter(packageId -> terrainCatalog.findPackageById(packageId).isEmpty())
+                .toList();
+
+        List<String> availablePackageIds = coverageSelection.packageIds().stream()
+                .filter(packageId -> terrainCatalog.findPackageById(packageId).isPresent())
+                .toList();
+
+        if (availablePackageIds.isEmpty()) {
+            return TerrainPreparationResult.failure(
+                    request,
+                    coverageSelection,
+                    catalogDownloadResult,
+                    catalogLoadResult,
+                    null,
+                    missingPackageIds,
+                    List.of(),
+                    "None of the required terrain packages are present in the loaded catalog."
+            );
+        }
+
+        TerrainPackageDownloader.BatchDownloadResult batchDownloadResult =
+                terrainPackageDownloader.downloadPackages(terrainCatalog, availablePackageIds);
+
+        List<TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult> installResults = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Path packageFile : batchDownloadResult.successfulPackageFiles()) {
+            installResults.add(
+                    terrainPackageInstaller.installPackage(packageFile, configuredDemRootDirectory)
+            );
+        }
+
+        String message = buildSummaryMessage(
+                coverageSelection,
+                catalogDownloadResult,
+                catalogLoadResult,
+                batchDownloadResult,
+                missingPackageIds,
+                installResults
+        );
+
+        boolean success = missingPackageIds.isEmpty()
+                && batchDownloadResult != null
+                && batchDownloadResult.allSuccessful()
+                && installResults.stream().anyMatch(TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult::success);
+
+        return new TerrainPreparationResult(
+                request,
+                coverageSelection,
+                catalogDownloadResult,
+                catalogLoadResult,
+                batchDownloadResult,
+                List.copyOf(missingPackageIds),
+                List.copyOf(installResults),
+                success,
+                message
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience helper for the likely future main workflow where only locators
+     * are available from the chat/channel context.
+     *
+     * @param ownLocator6 own 6-digit Maidenhead locator
+     * @param targetLocator6 target 6-digit Maidenhead locator
+     * @param targetCallsignRaw target callsign
+     * @param analysisFrequencyMHz analysis frequency in MHz
+     * @param ownAntennaHeightMeters own antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param targetAntennaHeightMeters target antenna height in meters AGL
+     * @param configuredDemRootDirectory configured DEM root directory
+     * @return combined terrain preparation result
+     */
+    public TerrainPreparationResult prepareTerrainForLocators(String ownLocator6,
+                                                              String targetLocator6,
+                                                              String targetCallsignRaw,
+                                                              double analysisFrequencyMHz,
+                                                              double ownAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                                              double targetAntennaHeightMeters,
+                                                              String configuredDemRootDirectory) {
+
+        String normalizedOwnLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(ownLocator6);
+        String normalizedTargetLocator6 = normalizeLocator6(targetLocator6);
+
+        if (normalizedOwnLocator6.length() != 6 || normalizedTargetLocator6.length() != 6) {
+            return TerrainPreparationResult.failure(
+                    null,
+                    TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection.empty(),
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    null,
+                    List.of(),
+                    List.of(),
+                    "Own locator or target locator is missing/invalid."
+            );
+        }
+
+        Location ownLocation = new Location(normalizedOwnLocator6);
+        Location targetLocation = new Location(normalizedTargetLocator6);
+
+        PathAnalysisRequest request = new PathAnalysisRequest(
+                normalizedOwnLocator6,
+                ownLocation.getLatitude().toDegrees(),
+                ownLocation.getLongitude().toDegrees(),
+                normalizeCallsignRaw(targetCallsignRaw),
+                normalizedTargetLocator6,
+                targetLocation.getLatitude().toDegrees(),
+                targetLocation.getLongitude().toDegrees(),
+                Double.isFinite(analysisFrequencyMHz) && analysisFrequencyMHz > 0.0
+                        ? analysisFrequencyMHz
+                        : PathGeometryUtils.DEFAULT_ANALYSIS_FREQUENCY_MHZ,
+                sanitizeAntennaHeightMeters(ownAntennaHeightMeters),
+                sanitizeAntennaHeightMeters(targetAntennaHeightMeters)
+        );
+
+        return prepareTerrainForPath(request, configuredDemRootDirectory);
+    }
+
+    private String buildSummaryMessage(TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection coverageSelection,
+                                       TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogDownloadResult catalogDownloadResult,
+                                       TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogLoadResult catalogLoadResult,
+                                       TerrainPackageDownloader.BatchDownloadResult batchDownloadResult,
+                                       List<String> missingPackageIds,
+                                       List<TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult> installResults) {
+
+        int successfulInstallCount = (int) installResults.stream()
+                .filter(TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult::success)
+                .count();
+
+        int installedTileCount = installResults.stream()
+                .filter(TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult::success)
+                .mapToInt(TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult::installedTileCount)
+                .sum();
+
+        StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
+
+        message.append(String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "Required coverage: %d package(s), %d tile(s), %.1f km path, %d coverage samples.",
+                coverageSelection.packageIds().size(),
+                coverageSelection.tileIds().size(),
+                coverageSelection.totalDistanceKm(),
+                coverageSelection.coverageSampleCount()
+        ));
+
+        if (catalogDownloadResult != null && catalogDownloadResult.message() != null && !catalogDownloadResult.message().isBlank()) {
+            message.append("\n\nCatalog download: ").append(catalogDownloadResult.message());
+        }
+
+        if (catalogLoadResult != null && catalogLoadResult.message() != null && !catalogLoadResult.message().isBlank()) {
+            message.append("\n\nCatalog load: ").append(catalogLoadResult.message());
+        }
+
+        if (batchDownloadResult != null && batchDownloadResult.message() != null && !batchDownloadResult.message().isBlank()) {
+            message.append("\n\nPackage download: ").append(batchDownloadResult.message());
+        }
+
+        message.append(String.format(
+                Locale.US,
+                "\n\nInstallation: %d package(s) installed successfully, %d DEM tile(s) extracted.",
+                successfulInstallCount,
+                installedTileCount
+        ));
+
+        if (missingPackageIds != null && !missingPackageIds.isEmpty()) {
+            message.append("\n\nMissing package ids in catalog:");
+            for (String packageId : missingPackageIds) {
+                message.append("\n- ").append(packageId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult> failedInstalls = installResults.stream()
+                .filter(result -> !result.success())
+                .toList();
+
+        if (!failedInstalls.isEmpty()) {
+            message.append("\n\nFailed installations:");
+            for (TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult failedInstall : failedInstalls) {
+                String packageId = failedInstall.terrainPackageManifest() == null
+                        ? "<unknown>"
+                        : failedInstall.terrainPackageManifest().packageId();
+                message.append("\n- ").append(packageId).append(": ").append(failedInstall.message());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return message.toString().trim();
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeLocator6(String locator6) {
+        if (locator6 == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        String trimmed = locator6.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        return trimmed.length() >= 6 ? trimmed.substring(0, 6) : trimmed;
+    }
+
+    private String normalizeCallsignRaw(String callSignRaw) {
+        return callSignRaw == null ? "" : callSignRaw.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private double sanitizeAntennaHeightMeters(double antennaHeightMeters) {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(antennaHeightMeters) || antennaHeightMeters < 0.0) {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+        return antennaHeightMeters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combined result of one terrain preparation run.
+     *
+     * @param request original path request
+     * @param coverageSelection resolved required coverage
+     * @param catalogDownloadResult catalog download result
+     * @param catalogLoadResult catalog load result
+     * @param batchDownloadResult package download result
+     * @param missingPackageIds required package ids that are not present in the catalog
+     * @param installResults installation results for downloaded packages
+     * @param success true if full required package coverage was available and at least one package was installed successfully
+     * @param message human-readable summary message
+     */
+    public record TerrainPreparationResult(
+            PathAnalysisRequest request,
+            TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection coverageSelection,
+            TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogDownloadResult catalogDownloadResult,
+            TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogLoadResult catalogLoadResult,
+            TerrainPackageDownloader.BatchDownloadResult batchDownloadResult,
+            List<String> missingPackageIds,
+            List<TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult> installResults,
+            boolean success,
+            String message
+    ) {
+        public TerrainPreparationResult {
+            missingPackageIds = missingPackageIds == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(missingPackageIds);
+            installResults = installResults == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(installResults);
+        }
+
+        public static TerrainPreparationResult failure(PathAnalysisRequest request,
+                                                       TerrainCoverageResolver.TerrainCoverageSelection coverageSelection,
+                                                       TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogDownloadResult catalogDownloadResult,
+                                                       TerrainCatalogClient.CatalogLoadResult catalogLoadResult,
+                                                       TerrainPackageDownloader.BatchDownloadResult batchDownloadResult,
+                                                       List<String> missingPackageIds,
+                                                       List<TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult> installResults,
+                                                       String message) {
+            return new TerrainPreparationResult(
+                    request,
+                    coverageSelection,
+                    catalogDownloadResult,
+                    catalogLoadResult,
+                    batchDownloadResult,
+                    missingPackageIds,
+                    installResults,
+                    false,
+                    message
+            );
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasInstalledAnything() {
+            return installResults.stream().anyMatch(TerrainPackageInstaller.InstallResult::success);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainProfileCacheRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import kst4contest.ApplicationConstants;
+import kst4contest.controller.DBController;
+import kst4contest.utils.ApplicationFileUtils;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Persistent terrain profile cache stored in the application's existing SQLite database.
+ *
+ * The cache is intentionally owner-bound:
+ * if the configured own callsign or own locator changes, all cached terrain
+ * profiles are cleared automatically.
+ */
+public final class TerrainProfileCacheRepository {
+
+    private static final String META_KEY_OWNER_CALLSIGN_RAW = "terrain_cache_owner_callsign_raw";
+    private static final String META_KEY_OWNER_LOCATOR6 = "terrain_cache_owner_locator6";
+
+    private final String databasePath;
+
+    public TerrainProfileCacheRepository() {
+        ApplicationFileUtils.copyResourceIfRequired(
+                ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                DBController.DATABASE_RESOURCE,
+                DBController.DATABASE_FILE
+        );
+
+        this.databasePath = ApplicationFileUtils.getFilePath(
+                ApplicationConstants.APPLICATION_NAME,
+                DBController.DATABASE_FILE
+        );
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Optional<TerrainProfileData> load(String ownerCallsignRaw,
+                                                          String ownerLocator6,
+                                                          String targetCallsignRaw,
+                                                          String targetLocator6,
+                                                          int sampleCount,
+                                                          String providerId) {
+
+        try (Connection connection = openConnection()) {
+            ensureSchema(connection);
+            ensureOwnerIdentity(connection, ownerCallsignRaw, ownerLocator6);
+
+            String sql = """
+                    SELECT profile_points_text, source_name, synthetic
+                    FROM TerrainProfileCache
+                    WHERE owner_callsign_raw = ?
+                      AND owner_locator6 = ?
+                      AND target_callsign_raw = ?
+                      AND target_locator6 = ?
+                      AND sample_count = ?
+                      AND provider_id = ?
+                    """;
+
+            try (PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+                statement.setString(1, normalize(ownerCallsignRaw));
+                statement.setString(2, normalize(ownerLocator6));
+                statement.setString(3, normalize(targetCallsignRaw));
+                statement.setString(4, normalize(targetLocator6));
+                statement.setInt(5, sampleCount);
+                statement.setString(6, normalize(providerId));
+
+                try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery()) {
+                    if (!resultSet.next()) {
+                        return Optional.empty();
+                    }
+
+                    String serializedProfile = resultSet.getString("profile_points_text");
+                    String sourceName = resultSet.getString("source_name");
+                    boolean synthetic = resultSet.getInt("synthetic") != 0;
+
+                    List<PathProfilePoint> points = deserializeProfile(serializedProfile);
+                    TerrainProfileData result = new TerrainProfileData(points, sourceName, synthetic);
+
+                    return result.hasUsableProfile() ? Optional.of(result) : Optional.empty();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            System.err.println("[StationMap] Terrain cache load failed: " + exception.getMessage());
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void save(String ownerCallsignRaw,
+                                  String ownerLocator6,
+                                  String targetCallsignRaw,
+                                  String targetLocator6,
+                                  int sampleCount,
+                                  String providerId,
+                                  TerrainProfileData terrainProfileData) {
+
+        if (terrainProfileData == null || !terrainProfileData.hasUsableProfile() || terrainProfileData.synthetic()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try (Connection connection = openConnection()) {
+            ensureSchema(connection);
+            ensureOwnerIdentity(connection, ownerCallsignRaw, ownerLocator6);
+
+            String sql = """
+                    INSERT INTO TerrainProfileCache (
+                        owner_callsign_raw,
+                        owner_locator6,
+                        target_callsign_raw,
+                        target_locator6,
+                        sample_count,
+                        provider_id,
+                        profile_points_text,
+                        source_name,
+                        synthetic,
+                        created_at_epoch_ms
+                    ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                    ON CONFLICT(
+                        owner_callsign_raw,
+                        owner_locator6,
+                        target_callsign_raw,
+                        target_locator6,
+                        sample_count,
+                        provider_id
+                    ) DO UPDATE SET
+                        profile_points_text = excluded.profile_points_text,
+                        source_name = excluded.source_name,
+                        synthetic = excluded.synthetic,
+                        created_at_epoch_ms = excluded.created_at_epoch_ms
+                    """;
+
+            try (PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+                statement.setString(1, normalize(ownerCallsignRaw));
+                statement.setString(2, normalize(ownerLocator6));
+                statement.setString(3, normalize(targetCallsignRaw));
+                statement.setString(4, normalize(targetLocator6));
+                statement.setInt(5, sampleCount);
+                statement.setString(6, normalize(providerId));
+                statement.setString(7, serializeProfile(terrainProfileData.profilePoints()));
+                statement.setString(8, terrainProfileData.sourceName());
+                statement.setInt(9, terrainProfileData.synthetic() ? 1 : 0);
+                statement.setLong(10, System.currentTimeMillis());
+                statement.executeUpdate();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            System.err.println("[StationMap] Terrain cache save failed: " + exception.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Connection openConnection() throws Exception {
+        return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:" + databasePath);
+    }
+
+    private void ensureSchema(Connection connection) throws Exception {
+        try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            statement.executeUpdate("""
+                    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TerrainProfileCache (
+                        owner_callsign_raw TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        owner_locator6 TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        target_callsign_raw TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        target_locator6 TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        sample_count INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                        provider_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        profile_points_text TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        source_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+                        synthetic INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+                        created_at_epoch_ms INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                        PRIMARY KEY (
+                            owner_callsign_raw,
+                            owner_locator6,
+                            target_callsign_raw,
+                            target_locator6,
+                            sample_count,
+                            provider_id
+                        )
+                    )
+                    """);
+
+            statement.executeUpdate("""
+                    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TerrainProfileCacheMeta (
+                        meta_key TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+                        meta_value TEXT NOT NULL
+                    )
+                    """);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureOwnerIdentity(Connection connection,
+                                     String currentOwnerCallsignRaw,
+                                     String currentOwnerLocator6) throws Exception {
+
+        String normalizedOwnerCallsignRaw = normalize(currentOwnerCallsignRaw);
+        String normalizedOwnerLocator6 = normalize(currentOwnerLocator6);
+
+        String storedOwnerCallsignRaw = readMetaValue(connection, META_KEY_OWNER_CALLSIGN_RAW);
+        String storedOwnerLocator6 = readMetaValue(connection, META_KEY_OWNER_LOCATOR6);
+
+        boolean callsignChanged = storedOwnerCallsignRaw != null && !storedOwnerCallsignRaw.equals(normalizedOwnerCallsignRaw);
+        boolean locatorChanged = storedOwnerLocator6 != null && !storedOwnerLocator6.equals(normalizedOwnerLocator6);
+
+        if (callsignChanged || locatorChanged) {
+            clearTerrainCache(connection);
+        }
+
+        writeMetaValue(connection, META_KEY_OWNER_CALLSIGN_RAW, normalizedOwnerCallsignRaw);
+        writeMetaValue(connection, META_KEY_OWNER_LOCATOR6, normalizedOwnerLocator6);
+    }
+
+    private void clearTerrainCache(Connection connection) throws Exception {
+        try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            statement.executeUpdate("DELETE FROM TerrainProfileCache");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String readMetaValue(Connection connection, String key) throws Exception {
+        try (PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(
+                "SELECT meta_value FROM TerrainProfileCacheMeta WHERE meta_key = ?")) {
+            statement.setString(1, key);
+
+            try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery()) {
+                return resultSet.next() ? resultSet.getString(1) : null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeMetaValue(Connection connection, String key, String value) throws Exception {
+        try (PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("""
+                INSERT INTO TerrainProfileCacheMeta (meta_key, meta_value)
+                VALUES (?, ?)
+                ON CONFLICT(meta_key) DO UPDATE SET meta_value = excluded.meta_value
+                """)) {
+            statement.setString(1, key);
+            statement.setString(2, value == null ? "" : value);
+            statement.executeUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String serializeProfile(List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints) {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (PathProfilePoint point : profilePoints) {
+            if (point == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!builder.isEmpty()) {
+                builder.append('\n');
+            }
+
+            builder.append(String.format(
+                    Locale.US,
+                    "%.6f;%.8f;%.8f;%.3f",
+                    point.distanceKm(),
+                    point.latitudeDeg(),
+                    point.longitudeDeg(),
+                    point.elevationMeters()
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    private List<PathProfilePoint> deserializeProfile(String serializedProfile) {
+        if (serializedProfile == null || serializedProfile.isBlank()) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        String[] lines = serializedProfile.split("\\R+");
+        List<PathProfilePoint> points = new ArrayList<>(lines.length);
+
+        for (String line : lines) {
+            String[] parts = line.split(";");
+            if (parts.length != 4) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                points.add(new PathProfilePoint(
+                        Double.parseDouble(parts[0]),
+                        Double.parseDouble(parts[1]),
+                        Double.parseDouble(parts[2]),
+                        Double.parseDouble(parts[3])
+                ));
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        return List.copyOf(points);
+    }
+
+    private String normalize(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainProfileData.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable terrain/profile payload including source metadata.
+ */
+public record TerrainProfileData(
+        List<PathProfilePoint> profilePoints,
+        String sourceName,
+        boolean synthetic
+) {
+
+    public TerrainProfileData {
+        profilePoints = profilePoints == null ? List.of() : List.copyOf(profilePoints);
+        sourceName = sourceName == null ? "" : sourceName.trim();
+    }
+
+    public static TerrainProfileData empty(String sourceName) {
+        return new TerrainProfileData(List.of(), sourceName, false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableProfile() {
+        return profilePoints.size() >= 2;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainProfileProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * Abstraction for terrain/profile retrieval.
+ */
+public interface TerrainProfileProvider {
+
+    TerrainProfileData loadProfile(TerrainProfileRequest request);
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainProfileRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable request for terrain/profile sampling between two endpoints.
+ */
+public record TerrainProfileRequest(
+        double fromLatitudeDeg,
+        double fromLongitudeDeg,
+        double toLatitudeDeg,
+        double toLongitudeDeg,
+        double totalDistanceKm,
+        int requestedSampleCount
+) {
+    public TerrainProfileRequest {
+        requestedSampleCount = Math.max(0, requestedSampleCount);
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasUsableEndpoints() {
+        return Double.isFinite(fromLatitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(fromLongitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(toLatitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(toLongitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(totalDistanceKm)
+                && totalDistanceKm >= 0.0;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/TerrainTileMetadata.java

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable metadata for one internal terrain tile.
+ *
+ * <p>This model intentionally describes the runtime-ready tile after ingestion
+ * into the KST4Contest terrain format, not the original upstream GeoTIFF.</p>
+ */
+public record TerrainTileMetadata(
+        String tileId,
+        String fileName,
+        int southDeg,
+        int westDeg,
+        int width,
+        int height,
+        int arcSecondResolution,
+        short noDataValue,
+        String sourceDataset,
+        String sha256
+) {
+
+    public TerrainTileMetadata {
+        tileId = normalizeUpper(tileId);
+        fileName = normalizeText(fileName);
+        sourceDataset = normalizeText(sourceDataset);
+        sha256 = normalizeLower(sha256);
+
+        if (width < 0) {
+            width = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (height < 0) {
+            height = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (arcSecondResolution < 0) {
+            arcSecondResolution = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the northern edge of the covered 1° x 1° geocell.
+     *
+     * @return north edge latitude in degrees
+     */
+    public int northDeg() {
+        return southDeg + 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the eastern edge of the covered 1° x 1° geocell.
+     *
+     * @return east edge longitude in degrees
+     */
+    public int eastDeg() {
+        return westDeg + 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this metadata appears complete enough for installation/runtime.
+     *
+     * @return true if the essential fields are usable
+     */
+    public boolean isUsable() {
+        return !tileId.isBlank()
+                && !fileName.isBlank()
+                && width > 0
+                && height > 0
+                && arcSecondResolution > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the tile covers the given geographic sample point.
+     *
+     * <p>The tile is interpreted as the 1° x 1° cell
+     * [southDeg, southDeg+1) x [westDeg, westDeg+1).</p>
+     *
+     * @param latitudeDeg sample latitude in degrees
+     * @param longitudeDeg sample longitude in degrees
+     * @return true if the point lies inside this tile
+     */
+    public boolean covers(double latitudeDeg, double longitudeDeg) {
+        return Double.isFinite(latitudeDeg)
+                && Double.isFinite(longitudeDeg)
+                && latitudeDeg >= southDeg
+                && latitudeDeg < northDeg()
+                && longitudeDeg >= westDeg
+                && longitudeDeg < eastDeg();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the canonical internal tile id for one 1° x 1° cell.
+     *
+     * Examples:
+     * <ul>
+     *     <li>N51_E007</li>
+     *     <li>N52_W003</li>
+     *     <li>S01_E010</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param southDeg southern cell boundary in degrees
+     * @param westDeg western cell boundary in degrees
+     * @return canonical tile id
+     */
+    public static String buildTileId(int southDeg, int westDeg) {
+        String latPrefix = southDeg >= 0 ? "N" : "S";
+        String lonPrefix = westDeg >= 0 ? "E" : "W";
+
+        return String.format(
+                Locale.ROOT,
+                "%s%02d_%s%03d",
+                latPrefix,
+                Math.abs(southDeg),
+                lonPrefix,
+                Math.abs(westDeg)
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeText(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeUpper(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+
+    private static String normalizeLower(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/kst4contest/view/map/mapTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package kst4contest.view.map;
+
+public class mapTest {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+        TerrainPackageService terrainPackageService = new TerrainPackageService();
+
+        TerrainPackageService.TerrainPreparationResult result =
+                terrainPackageService.prepareTerrainForLocators(
+                        "JO51IJ",
+                        "JO22JK",
+                        "TEST",
+                        144.300,
+                        10.0,
+                        10.0,
+                        ""
+                );
+
+        System.out.println(result.success());
+        System.out.println(result.message());
+
+    }
+}

src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@ module praktiKST {
 	requires jdk.xml.dom;
 	requires java.sql;
     requires javafx.media;
-    requires java.logging;
+    requires jdk.jsobject;
+    requires java.net.http;
+    requires java.desktop;
     exports kst4contest.controller.interfaces;
     exports kst4contest.controller;
 	exports kst4contest.locatorUtils;
 	exports kst4contest.model;
 	exports kst4contest.view;
+
+	opens kst4contest.view.map to javafx.web;
 }